Ming naval campaigns against wokou piracy (14th–16th centuries)

1. Hongwu emperor imposes maritime prohibitions (haijin)

   Dec 1, 1371Labels: Hongwu Emperor, Haijin policy

   • Jiajing Raids
   • Sea Ban
   • Deta Repo

2. Ming further tightens bans on foreign contact

   Jan 1, 1381Labels: Maritime prohibition, Ming court

   • Sea Ban
   • Deta Repo

3. Ningbo Incident disrupts official Japan trade

   Jan 1, 1523Labels: Ningbo Incident, Ming Japan

   • Ningbo Incident

4. Shuangyu grows into a major smuggling hub

   Jan 1, 1539Labels: Shuangyu, Smuggling hub

   • Jiajing Raids
   • Shuangyu

5. Mid-Ming wokou raids intensify along the coast

   Jan 1, 1540Labels: Wokou raids, Zhejiang coast

   • Jiajing Raids

6. Zhu Wan appointed to suppress Shuangyu networks

   Jan 1, 1547Labels: Zhu Wan, Zhejiang

   • Shuangyu
   • Zhu Wan
   • Cambridge IJAS

7. Ming forces destroy the Shuangyu settlement

   Apr 15, 1548Labels: Shuangyu raid, Lu Tang

   • Shuangyu
   • Lu Tang

8. Zhu Wan impeached and dies amid backlash

   Jan 2, 1550Labels: Zhu Wan, Impeachment

   • Zhu Wan
   • Cambridge IJAS

9. Jiajing-era raids peak; Ming mobilizes coastal commanders

   Jan 1, 1555Labels: Jiajing reign, Coastal commanders

   • Jiajing Raids
   • Zhao Wenhua

10. Qi Jiguang begins coastal defense reforms in Zhejiang

    Jan 1, 1556Labels: Qi Jiguang, Zhejiang reforms

    • Encyclopedia com
    • Qi Jiguang

11. Ming secures Wang Zhi’s surrender, then executes him

    Jan 22, 1560Labels: Wang Zhi, Ming execution

    • Wang Zhi
    • Jiajing Raids

12. Qi Jiguang wins major string of victories in Zhejiang

    Jan 1, 1561Labels: Qi Jiguang, Zhejiang victories

    • Qi Jiguang
    • Qi Jiguang

13. Qi Jiguang campaigns in Fujian against pirate strongholds

    Apr 1, 1563Labels: Qi Jiguang, Fujian campaign

    • Qi Jiguang
    • Encyclopedia com

14. Battle of Nan’ao targets remaining cross-border raiders

    Sep 1, 1565Labels: Battle of, Nan'ao Island

    • Qi Jiguang
    • Jiajing Raids

15. Longqing court legalizes limited private overseas trade

    Jan 17, 1567Labels: Longqing court, Yuegang

    • Yuegang
    • Kaihai Paper
    • Longqing

16. Jiajing wokou crisis winds down by policy and force

    Dec 1, 1567Labels: Jiajing crisis, Policy shift

    • Jiajing Raids
    • Yuegang