Ming Dynasty Provincial Commissioner System (1368–1644)

1. Ming dynasty founded; Yuan administration replaced

   Jan 23, 1368Labels: Zhu Yuanzhang, Ming dynasty, Yuan dynasty

   • Britannica

2. Branch Secretariats replaced by “Three Provincial Offices”

   Jan 1, 1376Labels: Branch Secretariats, Provincial Administration, Provincial Surveillance

   • Ming Gov

3. Provincial Administration Commissions institutionalized

   Jan 1, 1376Labels: Provincial Administration, buzhengshi, fiscal administration

   • Duke Glossary
   • Ming Gov

4. Precedent for xunfu: Zhu Biao sent to Shaanxi

   Jan 1, 1391Labels: Zhu Biao, xunfu, Shaanxi

   • Ming Gov
   • ChinaKnowledge

5. Jiaozhi provincial commission system extended to Vietnam

   Jul 1, 1407Labels: Jiaozhi Province, i Vi, Provincial Administration

   • Jiaozhi
   • Britannica China

6. Guizhou province created; Ming province count fixed

   Jan 1, 1413Labels: Guizhou Province, thirteen provinces

   • Britannica China
   • Ming Gov

7. Yongle expands provincial coordination missions

   Jan 1, 1421Labels: Yongle Emperor, provincial missions

   • Ming Gov
   • Britannica China

8. Xunfu begins regular long-term provincial postings

   Sep 1, 1425Labels: Xuande Emperor, xunfu, grand coordinator

   • Xuande
   • Xunfu

9. Jiaozhi Province abolished after Ming withdrawal

   Jan 1, 1428Labels: Jiaozhi Province, Ming withdrawal, Vietnam

   • Britannica China
   • Jiaozhi

10. Permanent xunfu appointments begin in multiple provinces

    Jan 1, 1430Labels: xunfu, permanent appointments

    • ChinaKnowledge
    • Ming

11. Three-commission framework described as provincial governance core

    Jan 1, 1450Labels: Three-commission framework, Provincial Surveillance, Regional Military

    • Dynastic Admin
    • Ming Gov

12. Ming dynasty ends; Qing inherits and adapts provincial offices

    Apr 25, 1644Labels: Ming dynasty, Qing dynasty, provincial offices

    • Britannica Ming
    • Ming