Military campaigns and territorial expansion under Shang rulers (c. 1600–1046 BCE)

1. Shang overthrow of Xia at Mingtiao (traditional)

   Jan 1, 1600 BCELabels: Tang of, Battle of

   • Britannica
   • Mingtiao

2. Early Shang expansion during Erligang horizon

   Jan 1, 1600 BCELabels: Erligang culture, Central Plains

   • Erligang
   • Britannica

3. Panlongcheng outpost signals southern reach

   Jan 1, 1500 BCELabels: Panlongcheng, Yangtze region

   • Panlongcheng
   • JWP paper

4. Capital relocation to Yin strengthens late Shang power

   Jan 1, 1300 BCELabels: Yin Anyang, Pan Geng

   • XSZ Project
   • Yinxu
   • Britannica

5. Oracle-bone divinations document late Shang warfare

   Jan 1, 1250 BCELabels: Oracle bones, Anyang

   • Oracle bones
   • XSZ Project

6. Wu Ding begins reign; campaigns intensify from Yin

   Jan 1, 1250 BCELabels: Wu Ding, Anyang

   • XSZ Project
   • Yinxu

7. Wu Ding campaigns against Guifang begin

   Jan 1, 1219 BCELabels: Wu Ding, Guifang

   • Guifang
   • Wu Ding

8. Wu Ding subdues Guifang after multi-year war

   Jan 1, 1217 BCELabels: Wu Ding, Guifang subjugation

   • Guifang
   • Wu Ding

9. Chariotry appears in late Shang military record

   Jan 1, 1200 BCELabels: Chariotry, Anyang burials

   • Britannica
   • JWP paper

10. Oracle-bone record peaks in early Anyang phases

    Jan 1, 1200 BCELabels: Oracle bones, Wu Ding

    • Oracle bones

11. Di Xin’s reign begins amid late Shang pressures

    Jan 1, 1075 BCELabels: Di Xin, Late Shang

    • XSZ Project
    • Di Xin

12. Battle of Muye ends Shang rule

    Jan 1, 1046 BCELabels: Battle of, King Wu

    • Britannica
    • Muye
    • XSZ Project