Mexico's Oil Nationalization and PEMEX Era (1938–1982)

1. Constitution asserts national ownership of subsoil resources

   Feb 5, 1917Labels: Mexico Constitution, Article 27

   • Britannica
   • Constitute

2. Supreme Court ruling intensifies oil labor conflict

   Mar 1, 1938Labels: Mexican Supreme, Oil workers

   • L zaro C
   • Oil expropriation

3. Cárdenas decrees the Mexican oil expropriation

   Mar 18, 1938Labels: L zaro, Oil expropriation

   • AP News
   • Oil expropriation

4. Decree creates Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX)

   Jun 7, 1938Labels: Petr leos, Presidential decree

   • PEMEX history
   • Pemex

5. PEMEX begins operating as the national oil company

   Jul 20, 1938Labels: PEMEX, Expropriated assets

   • PEMEX ES
   • PEMEX history

6. Petroleum regulatory law strengthens state control

   Jun 18, 1941Labels: Petroleum Law, Article 27

   • Ley Regl
   • PEMEX ES

7. U.S.–Mexico claims convention supports wartime cooperation

   Nov 19, 1941Labels: U S, Bilateral claims

   • US Mexico claims
   • Oil expropriation

8. Mexico declares war after oil tankers are sunk

   May 22, 1942Labels: Mexican declaration, Oil tankers

   • War declaration
   • Britannica

9. PEMEX expands refining with Salamanca refinery opening

   Jan 1, 1950Labels: Salamanca refinery, PEMEX

   • RIAMA
   • PEMEX history

10. Reforma discoveries shift PEMEX toward faster growth

    Jan 1, 1972Labels: Reforma discoveries, PEMEX

    • US Historian
    • Petroleum Mexico

11. Cantarell field discovered, launching major offshore expansion

    Jan 1, 1976Labels: Cantarell field, Bay of

    • Cantarell
    • PEMEX history

12. Oil boom strategy accelerates PEMEX production and borrowing

    Jan 1, 1977Labels: Jos L, Oil boom

    • US Historian
    • Petroleum Mexico

13. Cantarell production begins, boosting national output

    Jun 1, 1979Labels: Cantarell production, PEMEX

    • Cantarell
    • MexicoBusiness

14. Mexico’s 1982 crisis ends the high-growth PEMEX era

    Sep 1, 1982Labels: 1982 crisis, L pez

    • UPI Archives
    • Washington Post