Mass production of penicillin in the United States and United Kingdom wartime programs (1943-1945)

1. War pressures accelerate penicillin scale-up planning

   Jan 1, 1943Labels: Allied leaders, United States, United Kingdom

   • AMEDD History
   • National Archives
   • ACS Landmark

2. U.S. sets wartime penicillin allocation controls

   Jul 16, 1943Labels: U S, Public Health

   • History Wiki
   • Penicillin Wiki

3. NRRL’s corn-steep method supports mass fermentation

   Aug 1, 1943Labels: NRRL Peoria, corn steep

   • USDA ARS
   • Penicillin Wiki

4. Pfizer buys Rubel Ice plant for penicillin

   Sep 1, 1943Labels: Pfizer, Rubel Ice

   • ACS Landmark
   • History Wiki

5. Army expands penicillin use as supply grows

   Sep 23, 1943Labels: U S

   • AMEDD History

6. UK rationing highlights continuing penicillin scarcity

   Jan 1, 1944Labels: British government, UK rationing

   • National Archives

7. Pfizer opens large deep-tank penicillin plant

   Mar 1, 1944Labels: Pfizer, deep-tank fermentation

   • ACS Landmark
   • History Wiki

8. U.S. and UK set penicillin standards for quality

   Mar 1, 1944Labels: U S, standards

   • USP FDA Exhibit

9. Penicillin becomes widely available to U.S. forces

   Apr 1, 1944Labels: U S, D-Day logistics

   • AMEDD History

10. UK forms Penicillin Committee under Ministry of Supply

    Apr 1, 1944Labels: Penicillin Committee, Sir Henry

    • Nature

11. Allied Normandy invasion supplied with penicillin stocks

    Jun 6, 1944Labels: Normandy invasion, Allied forces

    • AMEDD History
    • National Archives

12. U.S. production scale reaches wartime mass output

    Dec 31, 1944Labels: U S, fermentation technology

    • History Wiki

13. WPB opens civilian distribution through trade channels

    Mar 15, 1945Labels: War Production, civilian distribution

    • C EN 1945

14. U.S. law requires FDA certification of penicillin batches

    Jul 6, 1945Labels: FDA, U S

    • USP FDA Exhibit

15. UK publicly discloses expanded factory network postwar

    Sep 29, 1945Labels: British government, factory network

    • Nature 1945