Maritime Trade Networks: Indo-Roman Commerce through to Mughal-Port Relations (c.1st century BCE–17th century CE)

1. Eudoxus of Cyzicus makes Red Sea–India voyages

   Jan 1, 110 BCELabels: Eudoxus of, Ptolemaic Egypt, Red Sea

   • Britannica

2. Roman annexation of Egypt expands Red Sea trade

   Jan 1, 30 BCELabels: Roman Empire, Egypt, Red Sea

   • Britannica
   • Met Museum

3. Periplus describes Indo-Roman sea-lanes and ports

   Jan 1, 45Labels: Periplus of, Roman Egypt, Arabian Sea

   • Periplus Project
   • Britannica

4. Arikamedu excavations document Roman-linked port exchange

   Jan 1, 50Labels: Arikamedu, Puducherry, Roman material

   • AJA
   • ASI

5. Pliny criticizes bullion outflows for Indian luxuries

   Jan 1, 77Labels: Pliny the, Roman economy, Indian luxuries

   • Loeb
   • Perseus

6. Berenike archaeology reveals large-scale Indian spice flows

   Jan 1, 100Labels: Berenike, Red Sea, archaeobotany

   • Oxford Academic
   • LA Times

7. Muziris Papyrus records a pepper-and-goods shipment

   Jan 1, 165Labels: Muziris Papyrus, Greco-Roman contract, Muziris

   • Oxford OA
   • BM

8. Battle of Diu establishes Portuguese naval dominance

   Feb 3, 1509Labels: Battle of, Portuguese navy, Diu

   • Britannica
   • Britannica Diu
   • Wiki Diu

9. Portuguese seize Goa as Estado da Índia hub

   Dec 10, 1510Labels: Goa, Afonso de, Estado da

   • Britannica Goa
   • Britannica Albuquerque

10. Portugal tightens control at Hormuz choke point

    Jan 1, 1515Labels: Hormuz, Portuguese control, Persian Gulf

    • Britannica Hormuz
    • Wiki Hormuz

11. Treaty of Bassein cedes key coastal holdings to Portugal

    Dec 23, 1534Labels: Treaty of, Sultan Bahadur, Bassein

    • Wiki Bassein
    • IDHP

12. Ottoman–Gujarati forces besiege Portuguese Diu

    Jun 26, 1538Labels: Siege of, Ottoman Empire, Gujarat Sultanate

    • Wiki Diu 1538
    • Britannica Diu

13. Second siege of Diu reinforces Portuguese defenses

    Apr 20, 1546Labels: Second Siege, Portuguese Diu, fortifications

    • Wiki Diu 1546
    • Danvers

14. English East India Company gains Surat foothold

    Oct 28, 1612Labels: English East, Surat, Battle of

    • Britannica EIC
    • Wiki EIC
    • TOI Swally