Mali Empire Cities: Timbuktu and Gao (c. 1200–1600 CE)

1. Gao-Saney emerges as major trade settlement

   Jan 1, 700Labels: Gao-Saney, Niger River, Trade settlement

   • Gao Saney

2. Timbuktu founded as Tuareg caravan stop

   Jan 1, 1100Labels: Timbuktu, Tuareg caravan, Saharan stop

   • Smithsonian
   • Timbuktu

3. Gao incorporated into the Mali Empire

   Jan 1, 1280Labels: Gao, Mali Empire, Niger River

   • Gao

4. Mansa Musa begins reign over Mali

   Jan 1, 1312Labels: Mansa Musa, Mali Empire, Timbuktu

   • Britannica
   • Mansa Musa

5. Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage boosts Sahelian connections

   Jan 1, 1324Labels: Mansa Musa, Hajj 1324, Sahel

   • Britannica
   • Mansa Musa

6. Djinguereber Mosque completed in Timbuktu

   Jan 1, 1327Labels: Djinguereber Mosque, Timbuktu, Mali patronage

   • Djinguereber
   • Timbuktu

7. Sankoré Madrasah founded and expanded

   Jan 1, 1350Labels: Sankor Madrasah, Timbuktu, Islamic scholarship

   • Sankor

8. Construction of Sidi Yahya Mosque completed

   Jan 1, 1440Labels: Sidi Yahya, Timbuktu, Madrasa

   • Sidi Yahya
   • OpenDCL

9. Sunni Ali captures Timbuktu from the Tuareg

   Jan 1, 1468Labels: Sunni Ali, Timbuktu, Songhai expansion

   • Britannica
   • History Timbuktu

10. Askia Muhammad I seizes power at Anfao

    Apr 12, 1493Labels: Askia Muhammad, Battle of, Askia dynasty

    • Battle Anfao
    • Askia Muhammad

11. Battle of Tondibi breaks Songhai resistance

    Mar 13, 1591Labels: Battle of, Songhai Empire, Saadian Morocco

    • Tondibi
    • Invasion

12. Moroccans capture Timbuktu after the invasion

    May 30, 1591Labels: Moroccan occupation, Timbuktu, Arma

    • History Timbuktu
    • Pashalik