Maastricht Treaty: Creation of the European Union (1991-1993)

1. Single European Act enters into force

   Jul 1, 1987Labels: Single European, European Community

   • EUR Lex
   • Britannica

2. European Council launches EMU and Political Union talks

   Dec 14, 1990Labels: European Council, Economic and

   • Consilium
   • Britannica

3. Maastricht European Council agrees on treaty package

   Dec 10, 1991Labels: Maastricht Summit, Treaty on

   • Consilium
   • Britannica

4. Treaty on European Union is signed

   Feb 7, 1992Labels: Treaty on, Maastricht

   • Europarl
   • Britannica
   • ECB

5. Denmark rejects treaty in first referendum

   Jun 2, 1992Labels: Denmark, Danish referendum

   • Britannica
   • 1992 DK ref

6. Ireland approves Maastricht ratification amendment

   Jun 18, 1992Labels: Ireland, Irish referendum

   • ReferendumIE
   • Maastricht Brit

7. France narrowly approves Maastricht in referendum

   Sep 20, 1992Labels: France, French referendum

   • 1992 FR ref
   • Britannica

8. Edinburgh Agreement grants Denmark four opt-outs

   Dec 12, 1992Labels: Edinburgh Agreement, Denmark opt-outs

   • Consilium
   • Edinburgh

9. Denmark approves Maastricht in second referendum

   May 18, 1993Labels: Denmark, Second referendum

   • 1993 DK ref
   • Britannica

10. UK Parliament approves Maastricht after confidence vote

    Jul 23, 1993Labels: United Kingdom, John Major

    • Britannica
    • WashPost

11. Maastricht Treaty enters into force; EU is established

    Nov 1, 1993Labels: Maastricht Treaty, European Union

    • Europarl
    • ECB
    • Britannica

12. EU citizenship and new lawmaking powers take effect

    Nov 1, 1993Labels: EU citizenship, European Parliament

    • Britannica
    • Europarl