Lessepsian migration and ecological changes via the Suez Canal (1869–present)

1. Suez Canal opens, linking two seas

   Nov 17, 1869Labels: Suez Canal, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea

   • Suez Authority
   • Britannica
   • History com

2. Bitter Lakes form a high-salinity barrier

   Nov 17, 1869Labels: Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal

   • Britannica
   • Suez Canal Wiki
   • Great Bitter Lake

3. Constantinople Convention confirms open navigation

   Oct 29, 1888Labels: Constantinople Convention, Suez Canal

   • Britannica
   • Suez Canal Wiki

4. Early Lessepsian migrants documented near Port Said

   Jan 1, 1898Labels: Port Said, Portunus segnis

   • Portunus segnis
   • Lessepsian migration

5. Canal nationalization intensifies geopolitical focus

   Jul 26, 1956Labels: Egypt, Suez Canal

   • Britannica
   • Suez Canal Wiki

6. Suez Canal closes during the Arab–Israeli conflict

   Jun 6, 1967Labels: Suez Canal, Arab Israeli

   • Closure Wiki
   • Suez Canal Wiki

7. Aswan High Dam completion alters eastern Mediterranean conditions

   Jul 21, 1970Labels: Aswan High, Nile River

   • History com
   • Britannica

8. Suez Canal reopens after eight-year closure

   Jun 5, 1975Labels: Suez Canal, reopening 1975

   • Suez Authority
   • C EN 1975
   • Closure Wiki

9. “Lessepsian migration” named and framed as a phenomenon

   Jan 1, 1978Labels: Francis Dov, Lessepsian migration

   • Open Library
   • Lessepsian Wiki

10. Canal deepening and widening increases corridor capacity

    Jan 1, 1995Labels: Canal engineering, Suez Canal

    • Springer 2023
    • Suez Canal Wiki

11. “New Suez Canal” expansion opens to traffic

    Aug 6, 2015Labels: New Suez, Egypt

    • ENR
    • CNN
    • Springer 2023

12. Climate warming supports wider establishment of tropical newcomers

    Jul 7, 2022Labels: Climate warming, eastern Mediterranean

    • ICES Journal
    • Springer 2025

13. Ongoing monitoring shows continued spread into central Mediterranean

    Sep 1, 2025Labels: central Mediterranean, Sepioteuthis lessoniana

    • MDPI Oceans
    • Lessepsian Wiki