Laïcité and the 1901–1905 Association/Law Reforms (1901–1905)

1. Napoleon’s Concordat reestablishes state-recognized worship

   Jul 15, 1801Labels: Concordat of, Napoleon Bonaparte

   • Britannica
   • Wikipedia

2. Law on Associations establishes modern association freedom

   Jul 1, 1901Labels: Law of, Associations

   • L gifrance
   • Associations gouv

3. 1901 law adds special authorization regime for congregations

   Jul 1, 1901Labels: Religious congregations, Law of

   • L gifrance
   • Wikipedia

4. Combes ministry intensifies anticlerical enforcement

   Jun 7, 1902Labels: Combes ministry, mile Combes

   • Wikipedia
   • Britannica

5. Expulsions and school closures hit religious congregations

   Aug 1, 1902Labels: Expulsions 1902, Religious schools

   • Wikipedia

6. Law bans teaching by religious congregations

   Jul 7, 1904Labels: 1904 education, Religious teaching

   • Britannica
   • FranceArchives

7. Briand presents a moderated separation proposal

   Mar 4, 1905Labels: Aristide Briand, Separation draft

   • Assembl e nat

8. Chamber of Deputies passes separation law

   Jul 3, 1905Labels: Chamber of, Separation vote

   • Assembl e nat
   • Wikipedia

9. Senate approves the separation law

   Dec 6, 1905Labels: French Senate, Separation bill

   • Assembl e nat
   • Wikipedia

10. Law of 1905 separates churches and state

    Dec 9, 1905Labels: Law of, La cit

    • Assembl e nat
    • Wikipedia

11. 1905 law begins taking effect in budgets

    Jan 1, 1906Labels: 1906 budgets, Public finance

    • Wikipedia

12. Inventories of church property spark nationwide conflict

    Feb 1, 1906Labels: Inventory crisis, Church property

    • Marianne
    • Wikipedia

13. Pius X condemns separation in Vehementer Nos

    Feb 11, 1906Labels: Pope Pius, Vehementer Nos

    • Vatican

14. 1907 law stabilizes worship without 1905 associations

    Jan 2, 1907Labels: 1907 worship, Associations cultuelles

    • L gifrance
    • MeurtheMoselle