Labor migrations and population displacement in Southern Africa during the Scramble (1880–1914)

1. Witwatersrand gold discovery drives regional labor demand

   Jan 1, 1886Labels: Witwatersrand Goldfield, Johannesburg

   • Britannica
   • Witwatersrand

2. British South Africa Company conquers Matabeleland

   Oct 1, 1893Labels: British South, Matabeleland

   • SAHO
   • Matabele War

3. Glen Grey Act introduces labor tax in Cape Colony

   Jan 1, 1894Labels: Glen Grey, Cape Colony

   • Glen Grey

4. Rinderpest in Southern Africa deepens rural impoverishment

   Jan 1, 1896Labels: Rinderpest, Southern Africa

   • Rinderpest
   • Rinderpest

5. South African War displaces civilians through scorched earth

   Oct 11, 1899Labels: South African, scorched earth

   • SAHO

6. Mines form WNLA to recruit migrant workers

   Jan 1, 1900Labels: WNLA Wenela, Rand mines

   • Ditsong
   • WNLA

7. Concentration camps and removals intensify wartime displacement

   Dec 1, 1900Labels: Concentration camps, civilian removals

   • SAHO
   • Camps

8. Treaty of Vereeniging ends war and reshapes labor markets

   May 31, 1902Labels: Treaty of, reconstruction

   • SAHO

9. Bambatha Rebellion shows resistance to tax-driven labor pressures

   Jan 1, 1906Labels: Bambatha Rebellion, Natal

   • SAHO
   • UKZN

10. Union of South Africa centralizes governance over labor and land

    May 31, 1910Labels: Union of, centralization

    • Britannica
    • Union

11. Native Recruiting Corporation expands organized labor recruitment

    Jan 1, 1912Labels: Native Recruiting, Chamber of

    • Rev Papers
    • WNLA

12. Natives Land Act restricts land rights and entrenches migrant labor

    Jun 19, 1913Labels: Natives Land, land dispossession

    • SAHO
    • Scriptura

13. Pre-World War I labor system is locked in regionwide

    Jul 28, 1914Labels: Pre-World War, migrant labor

    • WNLA
    • Scriptura