Kipchak and Cuman Steppe Confederations on the Pontic–Caspian Steppe (c. 11th–13th centuries)

1. Kipchak migration into the Pontic steppe begins

   Jan 1, 1050Labels: Kipchaks, Pontic Steppe

   • Cambridge
   • Britannica

2. Rus'–Cuman frontier wars enter chronicled record

   Jan 1, 1055Labels: Kievan Rus', Cuman Confederation

   • Rus Cuman
   • Cambridge

3. Cumans appear in Byzantine-border warfare

   Jan 1, 1078Labels: Cumans, Byzantine Balkans

   • BAS Clio
   • Cumans

4. Cuman alliance helps crush Pechenegs at Levounion

   Apr 29, 1091Labels: Battle of, Alexios I

   • Levounion
   • DBpedia

5. Kipchak-Cuman troops fight for Georgia at Didgori

   Aug 12, 1121Labels: Battle of, King David

   • Didgori

6. Asen and Peter uprising aided by Cuman support

   Oct 26, 1185Labels: Asen Uprising, Cumans

   • Asen Peter
   • Britannica

7. Byzantines recognize restored Bulgaria after Lovech

   Mar 1, 1187Labels: Siege of, Byzantine Empire

   • Lovech
   • Asen Peter

8. Cumans help Kaloyan defeat Latins at Adrianople

   Apr 14, 1205Labels: Battle of, Tsar Kaloyan

   • Adrianople
   • Britannica

9. Mongols defeat Rus'–Cuman coalition at Kalka River

   May 31, 1223Labels: Battle of, Mongol Empire

   • Britannica
   • Kalka

10. Köten leads major Cuman flight into Hungary

    Mar 27, 1239Labels: K ten, Kingdom of

    • K ten
    • Lake H d

11. Köten is killed in Pest amid anti-Cuman backlash

    Mar 17, 1241Labels: K ten, Pest

    • K ten
    • Lake H d

12. Codex Cumanicus dated in Crimea

    Jul 11, 1303Labels: Codex Cumanicus, Crimea

    • Codex