Key CJEU rulings on supremacy and direct effect (1963–1996)

1. Van Gend en Loos establishes treaty direct effect

   Feb 5, 1963Labels: Van Gend, EEC Treaty

   • EU Parliament
   • CURIA 50th

2. Costa v ENEL articulates supremacy of EU law

   Jul 15, 1964Labels: Costa v, EU supremacy

   • CURIA case list
   • HSE CELEX

3. Internationale Handelsgesellschaft affirms primacy over national constitutions

   Dec 17, 1970Labels: Internationale Handelsgesellschaft, Fundamental rights

   • CVCE
   • Livv

4. Van Duyn recognizes direct effect of directives

   Dec 4, 1974Labels: Van Duyn, Directives

   • CURIA judgment
   • CURIA digest

5. Rewe frames national procedural autonomy limits

   Dec 16, 1976Labels: Rewe-Zentralfinanz, Procedural autonomy

   • HSE CELEX
   • vLex

6. Simmenthal requires disapplication of conflicting national law

   Mar 9, 1978Labels: Simmenthal, National courts

   • CURIA judgment
   • CURIA digest

7. Ratti links directive direct effect to missed transposition deadline

   Apr 5, 1979Labels: Ratti, Directives

   • CURIA case list
   • Livv

8. Becker clarifies conditions for directive direct effect

   Jan 19, 1982Labels: Becker, Directive test

   • vLex
   • Review Litig

9. Factortame confirms interim relief to protect EU rights

   Jun 19, 1990Labels: Factortame I, Interim relief

   • CURIA excerpt
   • CURIA digest

10. Francovich recognizes state liability for non-implementation

    Nov 19, 1991Labels: Francovich, State liability

    • CURIA judgment
    • CURIA historic

11. Brasserie du Pêcheur and Factortame III generalize state liability

    Mar 5, 1996Labels: Brasserie du, Factortame III

    • CURIA historic
    • EUR Lex

12. Dillenkofer links non-implementation to a “sufficiently serious” breach

    Oct 8, 1996Labels: Dillenkofer, Sufficiently serious

    • EUR Lex
    • CURIA historic