Japan's MITI-Led Industrial Policy and Keiretsu Formation (1950-1989)

1. Antimonopoly Act takes effect; JFTC created

   Jul 1, 1947Labels: Antimonopoly Act, Japan Fair

   • JFTC
   • JFTC Wiki
   • WashLR 1964

2. MITI created to coordinate trade and industry

   May 25, 1949Labels: MITI, Ministry of

   • MITI Wiki
   • MCI Wiki
   • FAS MITI

3. Foreign exchange controls codified for scarce dollars

   Dec 1, 1949Labels: Foreign Exchange, foreign-currency-controls

   • LawTrans
   • IMF WP 1997

4. Japan Export Bank established to finance exports

   Dec 1, 1950Labels: Japan Export

   • Britannica
   • JBIC History

5. Japan Development Bank established for long-term industry finance

   Apr 1, 1951Labels: Japan Development

   • DBJ History
   • DBJ Wiki

6. Japan joins GATT, expanding export-led growth

   Jan 1, 1955Labels: GATT, Japan

   • C EN 1954
   • IMF WP 1997

7. Income Doubling Plan launches high-growth policy

   Oct 1, 1960Labels: Income Doubling, Hayato Ikeda

   • Britannica Ikeda
   • Income Plan

8. Japan joins OECD; liberalization pressures increase

   Jan 1, 1964Labels: OECD, Japan

   • MOFA OECD
   • OECD Japan

9. Tōkaidō Shinkansen opens, linking core industrial corridor

   Oct 1, 1964Labels: T kaid

   • Shinkansen Line
   • Britannica Rail

10. Sunshine Project starts after first oil shock

    Jan 1, 1974Labels: Sunshine Project, MITI

    • NEDO 2024
    • IEA Policy

11. VLSI semiconductor program begins to close technology gaps

    Jan 1, 1976Labels: VLSI Program, semiconductor R&D

    • RIETI Column

12. Foreign exchange law amendments accelerate financial liberalization

    Dec 1, 1980Labels: Foreign Exchange, financial-liberalization

    • UPI 1980
    • LawTrans

13. Auto export restraints begin amid U.S.–Japan trade friction

    May 1, 1981Labels: Auto Export, MITI

    • Toyota History
    • WP 1983

14. End of 1980s high-growth era as bubble peaks

    Dec 1, 1989Labels: Asset-Price Bubble, late-1980s Japan

    • FAS MITI
    • METI Wiki