Ionian Revolt and the Prelude to the Persian Wars (499–493 BCE)

1. Aristagoras launches the Naxos expedition

   Jan 1, 499 BCELabels: Aristagoras, Naxos, Artaphernes

   • Britannica
   • Naxos

2. Ionian cities depose tyrants and revolt begins

   Jan 1, 499 BCELabels: Miletus, Ionian cities

   • Britannica
   • Ionian Revolt

3. Sparta refuses aid; Athens and Eretria commit ships

   Jan 1, 498 BCELabels: Sparta, Athens, Eretria

   • Britannica
   • Ionian Revolt

4. Allied Greeks burn Sardis

   Jan 1, 498 BCELabels: Sardis, Lydia

   • Britannica
   • Sardis

5. Persians defeat rebels at Ephesus

   Jan 1, 498 BCELabels: Ephesus, Persian army

   • Ephesus
   • Britannica

6. Revolt spreads to Cyprus, Caria, and the Hellespont

   Jan 1, 498 BCELabels: Cyprus, Caria, Hellespont

   • Britannica
   • Ionian Revolt

7. Persia begins major counteroffensive with three army groups

   Jan 1, 497 BCELabels: Daurises, Otanes

   • Ionian Revolt
   • Britannica

8. Aristagoras flees to Thrace and is killed

   Jan 1, 497 BCELabels: Aristagoras, Thrace

   • Aristagoras
   • Ionian Revolt

9. Cyprus rebellion crushed after Battle of Salamis

   Jan 1, 497 BCELabels: Cyprus, Battle of

   • Ionian Revolt
   • Salamis

10. Carians ambush Persians at Pedasus

    Jan 1, 496 BCELabels: Caria, Pedasus

    • Pedasus
    • Ionian Revolt

11. Persians defeat the Ionian fleet at Lade

    Jan 1, 494 BCELabels: Lade, Ionian fleet

    • Britannica
    • Lade

12. Miletus falls to Persia

    Jan 1, 494 BCELabels: Miletus, Persian siege

    • Britannica
    • Miletus

13. Histiaeus captured and executed by Artaphernes

    Jan 1, 493 BCELabels: Histiaeus, Artaphernes

    • Histiaeus
    • Ionian Revolt

14. Persians mop up remaining rebel positions

    Jan 1, 493 BCELabels: Chios, Lesbos

    • Ionian Revolt
    • Britannica

15. Artaphernes imposes postwar settlement in Ionia

    Jan 1, 493 BCELabels: Artaphernes, Ionian settlement

    • Herodotus
    • Artaphernes