Indus–Mesopotamia Trade and Exchange Networks (c. 2600–1900 BCE)

1. Mature Harappan urban florescence begins

   Jan 1, 2600 BCELabels: Mature Harappan, Harappan crafts

   • Britannica

2. Indus goods appear in Royal Cemetery at Ur

   Jan 1, 2600 BCELabels: Royal Cemetery, Etched carnelian

   • British Museum
   • Etched Beads

3. Sargon of Akkad claims ships from Meluhha

   Jan 1, 2300 BCELabels: Sargon of, Meluhha

   • Akkad
   • Meluhha

4. Rimush records conflict involving Meluhha troops

   Jan 1, 2270 BCELabels: Rimush, Meluhha troops

   • Abalgamash
   • Meluhha

5. Indus–Gulf maritime trade intensifies in 3rd millennium

   Jan 1, 2200 BCELabels: Gulf maritime, Indus coast

   • Early Dynastic
   • Indo Mesopotamia

6. Meluhha language interpreter attested on cylinder seal

   Jan 1, 2100 BCELabels: Cylinder seal, Shu-ilishu

   • Wikimedia
   • Meluhha

7. Gudea of Lagash cites carnelian and lapis from Meluhha

   Jan 1, 2100 BCELabels: Gudea of, Meluhha

   • Meluhha
   • Etched Beads

8. Shortugai colony links Indus networks to lapis sources

   Jan 1, 2000 BCELabels: Shortugai, Lapis sources

   • Shortugai
   • Imports to Ur

9. Ur III Gulf trade and ports connect to Meluhha networks

   Jan 1, 2000 BCELabels: Ur III, Gulf ports

   • Ur III
   • Early Dynastic

10. Exchange wanes alongside Indus urban decline

    Jan 1, 1900 BCELabels: Indus decline, Exchange contraction

    • Britannica
    • Indo Mesopotamia

11. Ur III sources describe end of Indus-linked trade after 1900 BCE

    Jan 1, 1900 BCELabels: Ur III, Meluhha trade

    • Ur III
    • Meluhha

12. Late references to Meluhha fade from Mesopotamian texts

    Jan 1, 1760 BCELabels: Mesopotamian texts, Meluhha

    • Meluhha
    • Etched Beads