Indigenous and Postcolonial Critiques of Social Contract Justifications for Colonization (17th–20th centuries)

1. Valladolid debate challenges conquest’s moral basis

   Jan 1, 1550Labels: Valladolid Debate, Bartolom de

   • Gilder Lehrman
   • Britannica

2. Grotius publishes Mare Liberum on trade rights

   Jan 1, 1609Labels: Hugo Grotius, Mare Liberum

   • IEP
   • IILJ

3. Hobbes’s Leviathan popularizes contract-based sovereignty

   Apr 1, 1651Labels: Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

   • Britannica
   • Stanford SEP

4. Locke’s Two Treatises links property to labor

   Dec 1, 1689Labels: John Locke, Two Treatises

   • WorldCat
   • Libertarianism org

5. Rousseau critiques inequality and property’s origins

   Jan 1, 1755Labels: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on

   • Britannica
   • Rousseau text

6. Johnson v. M’Intosh codifies discovery-based land title

   Mar 10, 1823Labels: Johnson v, U S

   • Oyez
   • Supreme Ct

7. Treaty of Waitangi signed amid competing meanings

   Feb 6, 1840Labels: Treaty of, M ori

   • Britannica
   • NZ History

8. Native Land Act enables large-scale Māori land transfer

   Jan 1, 1862Labels: Native Land, New Zealand

   • Te Ara
   • Britannica

9. UN Charter adopts duties toward non-self-governing territories

   Jun 26, 1945Labels: UN Charter, Non-self-governing Territories

   • UN Charter
   • UN History

10. Pateman’s Sexual Contract reframes contract theory’s exclusions

    Jan 1, 1988Labels: Carole Pateman, The Sexual

    • Stanford SEP
    • Polity

11. Mills’s Racial Contract links contract theory to domination

    Jan 1, 1997Labels: Charles W, The Racial

    • Cornell
    • UChicago

12. Alfred argues for Indigenous self-determination beyond state “recognition”

    Jan 1, 1999Labels: Taiaiake Alfred, Indigenous resurgence

    • Open Library
    • OUP

13. UNDRIP adopted as global minimum standard for Indigenous rights

    Sep 13, 2007Labels: UNDRIP, United Nations

    • UN Indigenous
    • UN Press

14. Waitangi Tribunal finds Treaty signatories did not cede sovereignty

    Nov 14, 2014Labels: Waitangi Tribunal, Te Paparahi

    • Tribunal
    • Britannica