Indian Removal, Land Cession Treaties, and the Formation of Indian Territory (1815–1907)

1. Treaty of Fort Jackson forces major Creek cession

   Aug 9, 1814Labels: Treaty of, Creek Nation, Alabama-Georgia

   • Britannica
   • Fort Jackson

2. Congress authorizes removal through Indian Removal Act

   May 28, 1830Labels: Indian Removal, U S, Andrew Jackson

   • Britannica
   • LOC Guide

3. Choctaw sign Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek

   Sep 27, 1830Labels: Treaty of, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory

   • NARA Treaties
   • Rabbit Creek

4. Treaty with the Creeks cedes land east of Mississippi

   Mar 24, 1832Labels: Treaty with, Creek Nation, Washington D

   • Smithsonian NK360
   • Britannica ToT

5. Indian Intercourse Act defines “Indian Country”

   Jun 30, 1834Labels: Indian Intercourse, Indian Country, U S

   • Indian Country
   • Indian Territory

6. Treaty of New Echota signed by Cherokee faction

   Dec 29, 1835Labels: Treaty of, Cherokee Nation, Treaty faction

   • New Echota
   • NPS Removal

7. Cherokee removal begins under U.S. military supervision

   May 25, 1838Labels: Cherokee removal, U S, Trail of

   • Cherokee Removal
   • Britannica ToT

8. Indian Appropriations Act ends treaty-making era

   Mar 3, 1871Labels: Indian Appropriations, U S, Federal policy

   • U S Code
   • Appropriations

9. Dawes Act launches allotment of communal lands

   Feb 8, 1887Labels: Dawes Act, Allotment policy, U S

   • National Archives
   • Britannica

10. Oklahoma Organic Act creates Oklahoma Territory

    May 2, 1890Labels: Oklahoma Organic, Oklahoma Territory, Indian Territory

    • Organic Act
    • Oklahoma Territory

11. Dawes Commission created to apply allotment in Indian Territory

    Mar 3, 1893Labels: Dawes Commission, Five Civilized, Enrollment rolls

    • NARA Dawes
    • LOC Guide

12. Curtis Act weakens tribal governments and courts

    Jun 28, 1898Labels: Curtis Act, Five Tribes, Tribal governments

    • Curtis Act
    • NARA Dawes

13. Oklahoma Enabling Act authorizes constitution for merged territories

    Jun 16, 1906Labels: Oklahoma Enabling, Oklahoma constitution, Merged territories

    • House Archives
    • Enabling Act

14. Oklahoma admitted as state, ending Indian Territory era

    Nov 16, 1907Labels: Oklahoma statehood, Indian Territory, State admission

    • House Archives
    • Oklahoma Territory