Indian Ocean trade network and monsoon commerce (1000–1600)

1. Chola naval raid targets Srivijaya trade hubs

   Jan 1, 1025Labels: Chola Empire, Srivijaya, Palembang

   • Britannica Chola
   • Chola invasion

2. Cairo Geniza documents record Indian Ocean commerce

   Jan 1, 1080Labels: Cairo Geniza, Aden, Indian Ocean

   • Princeton Geniza

3. Marco Polo describes Indian Ocean monsoon sailing

   Jan 1, 1298Labels: Marco Polo, Indian Ocean, monsoon winds

   • Britannica Polo
   • Polo Travels

4. Ibn Battuta travels through monsoon-linked ports

   Jan 1, 1325Labels: Ibn Battuta, East African, Indian Ocean

   • Britannica Battuta
   • Rihla

5. Malacca emerges as major entrepôt

   Jan 1, 1403Labels: Malacca Sultanate, Strait of, entrep t

   • Britannica Malacca
   • Britannica Malaysia

6. Ming treasure voyages begin Indian Ocean expeditions

   Jul 11, 1405Labels: Zheng He, Ming dynasty, treasure fleet

   • Ming voyages
   • Voyages timeline

7. Zheng He’s voyages reach western Indian Ocean

   Jan 1, 1413Labels: Zheng He, Persian Gulf, western Indian

   • Ming voyages
   • Voyages timeline

8. Treasure voyages end, but monsoon commerce continues

   Jan 1, 1433Labels: Ming dynasty, private shipping, Indian Ocean

   • Ming voyages
   • Voyages timeline

9. Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut via Cape route

   May 20, 1498Labels: Vasco da, Calicut, Cape Route

   • History com
   • Cambridge IO

10. Battle of Diu establishes Portuguese naval dominance

    Feb 3, 1509Labels: Battle of, Portuguese navy, Diu

    • Battle of Diu
    • Cambridge IO

11. Portuguese conquer Malacca and the strait choke point

    Aug 15, 1511Labels: Afonso de, Malacca, Strait chokepoint

    • Malacca 1511
    • Britannica Malacca

12. Portuguese secure Hormuz at the Persian Gulf entrance

    Jan 1, 1515Labels: Hormuz, Portuguese, Persian Gulf

    • Hormuz conquest
    • Cambridge Hormuz

13. Ottoman capture of Aden reshapes Red Sea gateway

    Jul 20, 1538Labels: Ottoman Empire, Aden, Siege of

    • Siege of Diu
    • Cambridge IO

14. Ottomans reassert control with capture of Aden

    Feb 26, 1548Labels: Piri Reis, Ottoman Empire, Aden

    • Aden 1548
    • Siege of Diu

15. Dutch East India Company founded, signaling new competition

    Jan 1, 1602Labels: Dutch East, VOC, European competition

    • Britannica VOC