Imperial Circles and Administrative Reform (1500–1806)

1. Imperial Diet at Worms enacts 1495 reforms

   Aug 7, 1495Labels: Imperial Diet, Reichskammergericht

   • GHDI
   • Britannica

2. Aulic Council organized as imperial supreme court

   Jan 1, 1498Labels: Maximilian I, Reichshofrat

   • Aulic Council
   • Britannica

3. Diet of Augsburg introduces six Imperial Circles

   Jan 1, 1500Labels: Diet of, Imperial Circles

   • Imperial Circle
   • Imperial Reform

4. Initial Imperial Circle system begins operating

   Jan 1, 1500Labels: Bavarian Circle, Swabian Circle

   • Imperial Circle
   • Franconian Circle

5. Diet decisions of 1512 expand circles to ten

   Jan 1, 1512Labels: Diet decisions, Austrian Circle

   • Imperial Circle
   • GHDI Map

6. Circles tasked with enforcing public peace and court rulings

   Jan 1, 1512Labels: Imperial Circles, Reichskammergericht

   • GHDI Map
   • Imperial Reform

7. Reichskammergericht becomes a durable imperial institution

   Jan 1, 1527Labels: Reichskammergericht, Imperial judiciary

   • Yerusha
   • Britannica

8. Peace of Westphalia reshapes imperial legal balance

   Oct 24, 1648Labels: Peace of, Reichskammergericht

   • Britannica
   • Reichskammergericht

9. Imperial Defence Order finalizes circle-based troop obligations

   May 13, 1681Labels: Reichsdefensionalordnung, Imperial Circles

   • Reichsheer

10. Reichsdeputationshauptschluss approves mass secularization

    Feb 24, 1803Labels: Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, Secularization

    • RDH
    • WELT

11. Emperor Francis II ratifies the Final Recess

    Apr 27, 1803Labels: Francis II, Final Recess

    • RDH
    • Votes 1803

12. Holy Roman Empire dissolves; circle system ends

    Aug 6, 1806Labels: Holy Roman, Imperial Circles

    • Imperial Circle
    • Dissolution