Hukou System, Urbanization, and Internal Migration Policies (1980s–present)

1. Custody-and-repatriation system established for migrants

   Jan 1, 1982Labels: Custody-and-Repatriation

   • Wikipedia

2. Wuhan introduces temporary residence certificate rules

   May 15, 1983Labels: Wuhan Public

   • Cambridge

3. State Council opens limited rural-to-town hukou channel

   Jan 1, 1984Labels: State Council

   • MDPI

4. Pilot hukou reform launched in small towns

   Jun 10, 1997Labels: Hukou Pilot

   • CECC

5. Plan extends small-town hukou conversions nationwide

   Mar 30, 2001Labels: State Council

   • CECC

6. Custody-and-repatriation abolished after Sun Zhigang case

   Jun 20, 2003Labels: Sun Zhigang

   • Wikipedia

7. National New-Type Urbanization Plan (2014–2020) released

   Mar 16, 2014Labels: New-Type Urbanization

   • ChinaBriefing
   • ChinaDaily

8. State Council issues nationwide hukou reform opinion

   Jul 30, 2014Labels: State Council

   • ChinaLawTranslate

9. State Council promulgates Provisional Residence Permit Regulations

   Nov 26, 2015Labels: Residence Permit

   • ChinaLawTranslate

10. Provisional Residence Permit Regulations take effect

    Jan 1, 2016Labels: Residence Permit

    • ChinaLawTranslate

11. Plan issued to settle 100 million non-hukou residents

    Sep 30, 2016Labels: Guobanfa 2016

    • Gov cn

12. Central guideline targets hukou barriers to labor mobility

    Dec 25, 2019Labels: Central Guideline

    • Gov cn

13. Element-market reform pilots promote residence-based hukou ideas

    Jan 6, 2022Labels: NDRC Pilot

    • People cn

14. State Council approves 14th Five-Year urbanization plan

    Jun 7, 2022Labels: 14th Five-Year

    • Gov cn

15. MPS calls to scrap hukou limits in smaller cities

    Aug 3, 2023Labels: Ministry of

    • Guardian
    • SCIO

16. State Council issues five-year people-centered urbanization action plan

    Jul 31, 2024Labels: Five-Year Action

    • Gov cn

17. State Council releases new five-year urbanization plan (2024)

    Jul 31, 2024Labels: State Council

    • Gov cn

18. Guidelines call to remove hukou barriers to social insurance enrollment

    Jun 1, 2025Labels: Central Guidelines

    • FES