Haudenosaunee Diplomacy, the Covenant Chain, and Revolutionary Era (1609–1794)

1. Champlain’s Lake Champlain clash escalates Iroquois-French war

   Jul 30, 1609Labels: Samuel de, Mohawk, Lake Champlain

   • American Heritage
   • Britannica Champlain

2. Two Row Wampum diplomatic framework takes shape

   Jan 1, 1613Labels: Two Row, Kaswentha, Dutch

   • Art Canada
   • Brill 2013
   • Onondaga Nation

3. First written record of the Silver Covenant Chain

   Apr 1, 1677Labels: Silver Covenant, Albany, English colonies

   • Onondaga Nation
   • Covenant Chain

4. Effingham uses “covenant chain” at council meeting

   Jan 1, 1684Labels: Lord Effingham, Covenant Chain, Virginia

   • Covenant Chain

5. Nanfan Treaty cedes vast “beaver hunting grounds” claim

   Jul 19, 1701Labels: Nanfan Treaty, Five Nations, John Nanfan

   • Nanfan Treaty
   • Onondaga Nation

6. Great Peace of Montreal ends Beaver Wars and sets neutrality

   Aug 4, 1701Labels: Great Peace, New France, Haudenosaunee

   • Pointe Calli re
   • Great Peace

7. Treaty of Lancaster negotiates land issues with Six Nations

   Jun 22, 1744Labels: Treaty of, Six Nations, Virginia

   • OKState Treaties
   • WV Encyclopedia

8. Albany Congress renews Covenant Chain amid imperial crisis

   Jun 19, 1754Labels: Albany Congress, Covenant Chain, British colonies

   • Albany Minutes
   • Albany Congress

9. Fort Stanwix treaty redraws boundary for settlement expansion

   Nov 1, 1768Labels: Fort Stanwix, Haudenosaunee Confederacy, British

   • Britannica

10. U.S.–Six Nations treaty signed at Fort Stanwix after Revolution

    Oct 22, 1784Labels: Fort Stanwix, United States, Six Nations

    • Britannica
    • Fort Stanwix 1784

11. Treaty of Canandaigua establishes U.S.–Haudenosaunee peace framework

    Nov 11, 1794Labels: Treaty of, Timothy Pickering, Six Nations

    • Onondaga Nation
    • Oneida Nation
    • Canandaigua Treaty