Greek colonization of the Black Sea coasts (Pontus) (8th–3rd centuries BCE)

1. Greek seafaring turns toward the Black Sea

   Jan 1, 800 BCELabels: Greek communities, Bosporus, Black Sea

   • Cambridge Sea
   • WHE

2. Berezan Island settled as an early emporion

   Jan 1, 650 BCELabels: Berezan Island, emporion, Dnieper Bug

   • Berezan
   • Olbia

3. Olbia expands mainland trade in the north Pontic region

   Jan 1, 645 BCELabels: Olbia, Milesians, Southern Bug

   • Olbia
   • Berezan

4. Histria founded near the Danube mouth

   Jan 1, 630 BCELabels: Histria, Milesians, Danube

   • Histria

5. Sinope becomes Pontus’ major Greek seaport

   Jan 1, 630 BCELabels: Sinope, Milesians, north Anatolia

   • Sinop
   • HistoryFiles

6. Apollonia Pontica established on the Thracian coast

   Jan 1, 610 BCELabels: Apollonia Pontica, Milesians, Thracian coast

   • BalkanHeritage
   • Apollonia

7. Odessos founded in the Gulf of Varna

   Jan 1, 600 BCELabels: Odessos, Miletus, Varna

   • EBSCO

8. Panticapaeum founded on the Cimmerian Bosporus

   Jan 1, 600 BCELabels: Panticapaeum, Cimmerian Bosporus, Miletus

   • EBSCO
   • Pantikapaion

9. Heraclea Pontica founded by Megara

   Jan 1, 560 BCELabels: Heraclea Pontica, Megara, Bithynia

   • Heraclea

10. Bosporan Kingdom forms around Panticapaeum

    Jan 1, 438 BCELabels: Bosporan Kingdom, Panticapaeum, Greco-local

    • Bosporus
    • Cambridge CAH

11. Chersonesus refounded as a Dorian polis

    Jan 1, 422 BCELabels: Chersonesus, Heraclea Pontica, Megarian refoundation

    • Britannica
    • npjHeritage

12. Spartocid Bosporus builds a grain-export system

    Jan 1, 387 BCELabels: Spartocid Bosporus, grain export, Bosporan rulers

    • Bosporus
    • Cambridge CAH

13. Pontic Kingdom annexes Sinope and shifts power

    Jan 1, 183 BCELabels: Pontic Kingdom, Sinope, royal capital

    • Britannica

14. Mithridates VI brings Bosporus under Pontic control

    Jan 1, 107 BCELabels: Mithridates VI, Bosporan Kingdom, Pontus

    • Scythian Revolt
    • Pontus