Göktürk Khaganates: First and Second Turkic Khaganates (552–744)

1. Bumin Qaghan founds the Göktürk Khaganate

   Jan 1, 552Labels: Bumin Qaghan, Ashina clan, First Turkic

   • First Khaganate
   • Britannica Turks

2. Istämi leads western expansion and dual rule

   Jan 1, 552Labels: Ist mi, Western Yabghu, t ken

   • First Khaganate
   • Eastern Khaganate

3. Perso–Göktürk victory breaks Hephthalite power

   Jan 1, 563Labels: Perso G, Hephthalites, Sasanian Empire

   • Gol Zarriun
   • Hephthalites

4. Göktürk embassy reaches Byzantium (Zemarchus)

   Jan 1, 568Labels: Zemarchus embassy, Byzantine court, Ist mi

   • Britannica Turks
   • Zemarchus

5. Succession crisis after Taspar Qaghan’s death

   Jan 1, 581Labels: Taspar Qaghan, Succession crisis

   • Civil War
   • Eastern Khaganate

6. East–west division hardens into separate khaganates

   Jan 1, 603Labels: Eastern Turkic, Western Turkic

   • Eastern Khaganate
   • First Khaganate

7. Tang victory ends the Eastern Turkic Khaganate

   Mar 27, 630Labels: Tang dynasty, Battle of, Emperor Taizong

   • Yinshan
   • Tang Campaign

8. Tang defeats Xueyantuo and stabilizes the steppe

   Jan 1, 646Labels: Xueyantuo, Tang campaigns

   • Taizong Xueyantuo
   • Xueyantuo

9. Tang defeats Western Turks at the Irtysh River

   Jan 1, 657Labels: Su Dingfang, Ashina Helu, Irtysh River

   • Irtysh Battle
   • Tang Western Turks

10. Ilterish Qaghan restores Turkic rule at Ötüken

    Jan 1, 682Labels: Ilterish Qaghan, t ken, Second Turkic

    • Second Khaganate
    • Eastern Khaganate

11. Qapaghan Qaghan’s reign drives peak expansion

    Jan 1, 692Labels: Qapaghan Qaghan, Second Turkic

    • Qapaghan
    • Second Khaganate

12. Second Khaganate wins the Battle of Bolchu

    Jan 1, 711Labels: Battle of, Tonyukuk, K l

    • Bolchu
    • Tonyukuk

13. Kül Tigin dies; succession politics intensify

    Feb 27, 731Labels: K l, Royal prince

    • Kul Tigin
    • Britannica Orkhon

14. Kül Tigin memorial inscription is erected

    Jan 1, 732Labels: K l, Orkhon monument

    • Britannica Orkhon
    • TDV Orhon

15. Bilge Qaghan dies; memorialization follows

    Jan 1, 734Labels: Bilge Qaghan, Second Turkic

    • Britannica Bilge
    • Bilge Qaghan

16. Bilge Qaghan monument erected in the Orkhon Valley

    Jan 1, 735Labels: Bilge Qaghan, Orkhon Valley

    • Britannica Orkhon
    • TDV Orhon

17. Uyghur-led coalition ends the Second Turkic Khaganate

    Jan 1, 744Labels: Uyghur coalition, Ozmish Qaghan

    • Second Khaganate
    • Mongolia History