Global Silver Influx and Monetary Change in Ming China (c.1540–1644)

1. Silver commutation expands in Ming taxation

   Jan 1, 1540Labels: Ming taxation, Local administrations

   • Jiajing
   • Ming Economy

2. Discovery and founding of Potosí silver boomtown

   Jan 1, 1545Labels: Potos, Cerro Rico

   • Potos
   • USGS

3. Iwami Ginzan boosts Japanese silver production

   Jan 1, 1550Labels: Iwami Ginzan, Japan

   • UNESCO

4. Manila galleon route inaugurated across Pacific

   Jan 1, 1565Labels: Manila galleon, Andr s

   • Manila Galleon
   • LOC Blog

5. Haicheng (Yuegang) opened for legal overseas trade

   Jan 17, 1567Labels: Haicheng Yuegang, Fujian port

   • Yuegang
   • Longqing

6. Spanish Manila established as Asian trade entrepôt

   Jun 24, 1571Labels: Spanish Manila, Manila entrep

   • LOC Blog

7. Potosí mint begins striking silver coinage

   Mar 28, 1574Labels: Potos mint, Viceroy Toledo

   • Potos Mint
   • ANS Library

8. Single Whip Reform promulgated empire-wide

   Jan 1, 1580Labels: Single Whip, Zhang Juzheng

   • Single Whip
   • Britannica

9. Cadastral surveys support silver-based land taxation

   Jan 1, 1581Labels: Cadastral surveys, Land taxation

   • Wanli Emperor

10. Zhang Juzheng dies amid fiscal centralization drive

    Jul 9, 1582Labels: Zhang Juzheng, Ming court

    • Britannica
    • Zhang Juzheng

11. Spanish galleon rules restrict annual voyages

    Jan 1, 1593Labels: Spanish galleon, Manila Acapulco

    • Manila Galleon

12. Spanish silver dollars circulate widely in Ming China

    Jan 1, 1600Labels: Spanish silver, Chop marks

    • Ming Coinage
    • Spanish Dollar

13. She–An Rebellion strains Ming silver finances

    Oct 1, 1621Labels: She An, Sichuan

    • She An

14. Late Ming peasant rebellions escalate amid fiscal stress

    Jan 1, 1628Labels: peasant rebellions, Late Ming

    • Peasant Revolts

15. Beijing falls; Ming dynasty collapses

    Apr 22, 1644Labels: Jiashen Incident, Li Zicheng

    • Jiashen
    • Britannica