Gadsden Purchase and Southern Railroad Negotiations (1853–1854)

1. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends U.S.–Mexico War

   Feb 2, 1848Labels: Treaty of, Rio Grande, Gila River

   • National Archives
   • Britannica

2. Congress organizes New Mexico Territory

   Sep 9, 1850Labels: New Mexico, Compromise of

   • New Mexico Terr

3. Congress authorizes transcontinental railroad route surveys

   Feb 24, 1853Labels: Jefferson Davis, Army surveys

   • US Capitol
   • US Capitol

4. Pierce appoints James Gadsden to Mexico

   May 1, 1853Labels: James Gadsden, Franklin Pierce

   • Britannica
   • State Hist

5. Gadsden and Santa Anna sign purchase treaty

   Dec 30, 1853Labels: James Gadsden, Antonio L

   • National Archives
   • State Hist
   • Avalon

6. U.S. Senate ratifies a reduced Gadsden Treaty

   Apr 25, 1854Labels: U S, Gadsden Treaty

   • State Hist
   • National Archives

7. Mexico gives final approval to the revised treaty

   Jun 8, 1854Labels: Mexico, Gadsden Treaty

   • State Hist
   • National Archives

8. Gadsden Purchase adds land to New Mexico Territory

   Jun 8, 1854Labels: Gadsden Purchase, Southern Arizona

   • National Archives
   • State Hist

9. Boundary description formalizes the new U.S.–Mexico line

   Jun 30, 1854Labels: Boundary description, U S

   • Avalon
   • State Hist

10. Survey and implementation disputes continue after purchase

    Dec 1, 1854Labels: Survey disputes, Boundary enforcement

    • State Hist

11. U.S. military formally takes control in Tucson area

    Mar 1, 1856Labels: Tucson, U S

    • Tucson

12. Gadsden Purchase becomes enduring U.S. southern border

    Dec 31, 1856Labels: Gadsden Purchase, Southern border

    • National Archives
    • State Hist