French Colonial Policies and the Decline of Caravan Trade in the Sahara (c. 1890–1930)

1. French annexation of Timbuktu consolidates inland control

   Dec 15, 1893Labels: Timbuktu, French colonial

   • Timbuktu History
   • Britannica Timbuktu

2. France occupies In Salah to police Saharan crossings

   Dec 31, 1899Labels: In Salah, French military

   • Kel Ajjer
   • NG Conquest

3. French post at Niamey strengthens Niger River corridor

   Jan 1, 1901Labels: Niamey, Niger River

   • Niamey
   • History Niamey

4. Méhariste (camel) units expand French desert policing

   Mar 26, 1901Labels: M haristes, French army

   • NG Conquest
   • Colonial Mauritania

5. Kayes–Koulikoro rail link opens river-to-rail transport

   Jan 1, 1904Labels: Kayes Koulikoro, Niger River

   • Dakar Niger
   • Dakar Niger FR

6. AOF anti-slavery law undermines caravan slavery commerce

   Dec 12, 1905Labels: AOF, Anti-slavery law

   • Cambridge Core

7. Thiès–Kayes railway construction accelerates inland reorientation

   Jan 1, 1907Labels: Thi s, French colonial

   • Dakar Niger
   • Dakar Niger FR

8. France conquers Wadai, disrupting Wadai–Libya trade route

   Jun 12, 1909Labels: Wadai, Ab ch

   • Dud Murra
   • Springer Trails

9. Kaocen Revolt begins, destabilizing Aïr caravan region

   Dec 17, 1916Labels: Kaocen, A r

   • Kaocen Revolt
   • Kaocen FR

10. French suppression of revolt reinforces escort-and-control model

    Mar 3, 1917Labels: French military, Agadez

    • Kaocen Revolt
    • Kaocen Leader

11. Dakar–Niger Railway opens through-service to Dakar port

    Jan 1, 1924Labels: Dakar Niger, Dakar port

    • Dakar Niger
    • Dakar Niger FR

12. Niger’s administrative center moved to Niamey

    Dec 28, 1926Labels: Niamey, Colony of

    • ICJ Memorial
    • Niamey