France: Postwar Nationalizations, Dirigisme and Privatizations (1945–1986)

1. Houillères Nord–Pas-de-Calais nationalized by ordinance

   Dec 14, 1944Labels: Houill res, French State

   • FinanceMin

2. Renault nationalized as a state enterprise

   Jan 16, 1945Labels: Renault, French State

   • CouncilState
   • FinanceMin

3. Gnome & Rhône nationalized; SNECMA created

   May 29, 1945Labels: Gnome &, SNECMA

   • Arquus
   • FinanceMin

4. Bank of France and major banks nationalized

   Dec 2, 1945Labels: Bank of, Major banks

   • BanqueFr
   • OpenEdition

5. Commissariat général du Plan established

   Jan 3, 1946Labels: Commissariat g

   • StrategyPlan
   • Britannica

6. Electricity and gas industries nationalized

   Apr 8, 1946Labels: EDF, GDF

   • Legifrance
   • EUR Lex

7. Selected insurance companies nationalized

   Apr 25, 1946Labels: Insurance sector, French State

   • Legifrance
   • FinanceMin

8. Coal industry nationalized; Charbonnages de France created

   May 17, 1946Labels: Charbonnages de, Coal industry

   • Legifrance
   • INA

9. 1982 nationalizations expand state ownership again

   Feb 11, 1982Labels: 1982 nationalizations, French State

   • Legifrance
   • INA Lumni

10. Privatization authority approved by Constitutional Council

    Jun 26, 1986Labels: Constitutional Council

    • Legifrance
    • ViePublique

11. Government’s privatization program launched by enabling law

    Jul 2, 1986Labels: Privatization program, Jacques Chirac

    • WikiPriv
    • ViePublique

12. Privatization valuation commission established

    Sep 1, 1986Labels: Privatization commission

    • WikiPriv
    • CPT

13. First major 1986 sale: partial privatization of Elf Aquitaine

    Sep 1, 1986Labels: Elf Aquitaine, Partial sale

    • WikiPriv