Force Publique: Military Rule and Repression (1885–1960)

1. Force Publique created for Congo Free State

   Nov 17, 1885Labels: Force Publique, Leopold II

   • FR Wiki
   • EN Wiki

2. Congo Arab War begins in eastern Congo

   May 1, 1892Labels: Force Publique, Arabo Swahili

   • Arab War
   • FR Wiki

3. Congo Arab War ends with Free State victory

   Jan 1, 1894Labels: Congo Free, Force Publique

   • Arab War
   • FR Wiki

4. Batetela troops mutiny at Luluabourg

   Jul 4, 1895Labels: Batetela, Luluabourg

   • FR Wiki
   • FR Wiki

5. Casement Report documents Congo Free State abuses

   Jan 1, 1904Labels: Roger Casement, Congo Free

   • Casement
   • CFS Sources

6. Congo Reform Association founded to pressure Leopold

   Jan 1, 1904Labels: Congo Reform, E D

   • CRA
   • Casement

7. Commission of Inquiry established after international outcry

   Jul 23, 1904Labels: Commission of, Leopold II

   • FR Wiki
   • Casement

8. Belgium annexes Congo Free State as Belgian Congo

   Nov 15, 1908Labels: Belgian Congo, Force Publique

   • Colonial Charter
   • Belgian Congo

9. Battle of Tabora won in World War I

   Sep 19, 1916Labels: Force Publique, Tabora

   • Tabora Battle
   • EN Wiki

10. Mahenge captured in World War I offensive

    Oct 9, 1917Labels: Belgian forces, Mahenge

    • Mahenge
    • EN Wiki

11. Force Publique reorganized into two branches

    May 10, 1919Labels: Force Publique, colonial decree

    • EN Wiki

12. Simon Kimbangu arrested by colonial authorities

    Sep 12, 1921Labels: Simon Kimbangu, colonial authorities

    • UCA DADM
    • Kimbangu

13. Kimbangu sentenced to death by military court

    Oct 3, 1921Labels: Simon Kimbangu, military court

    • Kimbangu
    • UCA DADM

14. Pende revolt suppressed by colonial forces

    May 1, 1931Labels: Pende, colonial forces

    • Pende Revolt
    • UCA DADM

15. Luluabourg mutiny breaks out in Force Publique

    Feb 1, 1944Labels: Luluabourg, Force Publique

    • Luluabourg
    • EN Wiki

16. Chicotte corporal punishment abolished for Force Publique

    Jan 1, 1955Labels: Chicotte, Force Publique

    • Chicotte
    • EN Wiki

17. Congo gains independence amid unreformed army hierarchy

    Jun 30, 1960Labels: Independence 1960, Force Publique

    • Belgian Congo
    • 1960 Mutiny

18. Force Publique mutiny begins in Léopoldville

    Jul 5, 1960Labels: L opoldville, Force Publique

    • 1960 Mutiny
    • EN Wiki

19. Army Africanized and renamed Armée Nationale Congolaise

    Jul 8, 1960Labels: Arm e, Africanization

    • 1960 Mutiny
    • FARDC