Commenda partnerships spread in Italian tradeJan 1, 1200Labels: Commenda, Italian merchantsBritannicaCommenda
Florence begins minting the gold florinJan 1, 1252Labels: Florence, Gold florinBritish MuseumNorthwesternFlorin
Bills of exchange take recognizable medieval formJan 1, 1299Labels: Bill of, Medieval bankingRutgers MEMDBMunro Toronto
Major Florentine “super-companies” collapseJan 1, 1345Labels: Bardi family, Peruzzi familyCambridge CoreVillani excerptBardi
Florentine exchange banking expands beyond coin-changingJan 1, 1350Labels: Florentine bankers, Exchange bankingArte CambioMunro Toronto
Merchant archives document routine bill usageJan 1, 1390Labels: Datini archive, Merchant recordsDatini InstituteRutgers MEMDB
Bills of exchange underpin cross-city merchant networksJan 1, 1450Labels: Bills of, Merchant networksBanca d ItaliaMunro Toronto
Pazzi conspiracy shocks Florentine elite politicsApr 26, 1478Labels: Pazzi conspiracy, Lorenzo de'BritannicaFrick
Medici expelled as French invasion hits FlorenceNov 9, 1494Labels: Charles VIII, Medici expulsionMedici BankAlfonsina Orsini
End of Medici Bank era and lasting legacyJan 1, 1500Labels: Medici Bank, Florentine bankingMedici BankRutgers MEMDBBanca d Italia