Federal Industrial Policy: Land Grants, Tariffs, and Subsidies (1816–1920)

1. Second Bank charter supports national credit system

   Feb 1, 1816Labels: Second Bank, U S

   • Second Bank
   • Federal Reserve History

2. Tariff of 1816 sets protective policy precedent

   Apr 27, 1816Labels: Tariff of, U S

   • Britannica
   • Tariff 1816

3. General Survey Act authorizes federal infrastructure surveys

   Apr 30, 1824Labels: General Survey, Army Engineers

   • General Survey
   • Army History

4. Tariff of 1828 fuels sectional conflict

   May 19, 1828Labels: Tariff of, Nullification Crisis

   • House History
   • Britannica

5. Compromise Tariff eases Nullification Crisis

   Mar 2, 1833Labels: Compromise Tariff, U S

   • Tariff 1833
   • Britannica

6. Tariff of 1842 restores higher protection

   Aug 30, 1842Labels: Tariff of, U S

   • Tariff 1842
   • Berkeley Law

7. Walker Tariff lowers duties and changes direction

   Jul 30, 1846Labels: Walker Tariff, U S

   • Cornell LII
   • Underwood Simmons

8. Tariff of 1857 cuts rates amid budget surplus

   Mar 3, 1857Labels: Tariff of, U S

   • FRASER
   • Tariff 1857

9. Morrill Tariff begins Civil War-era protectionism

   Mar 2, 1861Labels: Morrill Tariff, U S

   • Morrill Tariff
   • CBP History

10. Pacific Railway Act uses land and bonds for railroads

    Jul 1, 1862Labels: Pacific Railway, Transcontinental Railroad

    • National Archives
    • Britannica

11. Morrill Act creates land-grant college funding model

    Jul 2, 1862Labels: Morrill Act, Land-grant colleges

    • National Archives
    • Britannica

12. Hepburn Act strengthens federal railroad rate regulation

    Jun 29, 1906Labels: Hepburn Act, Interstate Commerce

    • National Archives
    • Hepburn Act

13. Underwood-Simmons Act lowers tariffs and shifts revenue base

    Oct 3, 1913Labels: Underwood-Simmons Act, Sixteenth Amendment

    • Britannica
    • Oct 1913

14. Federal Aid Road Act starts national highway subsidies

    Jul 11, 1916Labels: Federal Aid, U S

    • Road Act 1916
    • US DOT History

15. Postwar economy enters new policy era by 1920

    Jan 1, 1920Labels: Postwar Economy, World War

    • Underwood Simmons
    • Road Act 1916