EU–NATO cooperation and security policy milestones (1991–2022)

1. Maastricht Treaty creates EU foreign and security pillar

   Feb 7, 1992Labels: Maastricht Treaty, CFSP

   • Britannica
   • EU Parliament

2. Maastricht Treaty enters into force

   Nov 1, 1993Labels: Maastricht Treaty, European Union

   • Britannica
   • EU Parliament

3. EU–NATO declaration formalises strategic partnership

   Dec 16, 2002Labels: EU NATO, ESDP

   • NATO Texts
   • NATO News

4. Berlin Plus package agreed for EU-led operations

   Mar 17, 2003Labels: Berlin Plus, NATO

   • NATO Review
   • EU Council

5. Operation Concordia begins as first Berlin Plus use

   Mar 31, 2003Labels: Operation Concordia, FYR Macedonia

   • Canada DND
   • ESO Record

6. EU launches Operation ALTHEA under Berlin Plus

   Dec 2, 2004Labels: EUFOR ALTHEA, Bosnia and

   • EEAS
   • EU Council

7. NATO Wales Summit highlights deeper EU cooperation

   Sep 5, 2014Labels: NATO Wales, NATO

   • NATO Texts

8. EU–NATO Joint Declaration signed at Warsaw Summit

   Jul 8, 2016Labels: Warsaw Joint, EU NATO

   • EU Council
   • EU Council

9. NATO launches Operation Sea Guardian

   Nov 1, 2016Labels: Operation Sea, NATO

   • NATO Ops

10. EU Council adopts conclusions to implement Warsaw declaration

    Dec 6, 2016Labels: Council of, Warsaw implementation

    • EP ThinkTank

11. Hybrid threats centre agreed by MoU in Helsinki

    Apr 11, 2017Labels: Hybrid Threats, MoU Helsinki

    • NATO News
    • EEAS

12. NATO Secretary General welcomes EU PESCO initiative

    Nov 13, 2017Labels: PESCO, NATO Secretary

    • NATO News

13. EU foreign ministers make PESCO legally binding

    Dec 11, 2017Labels: PESCO, EU member

    • EU Parliament
    • NATO News

14. EU–NATO Joint Declaration signed in Brussels

    Jul 10, 2018Labels: Brussels Joint, EU NATO

    • EU Council
    • NATO Event

15. EU adopts Strategic Compass for security and defence

    Mar 22, 2022Labels: Strategic Compass, Council of

    • EU Council
    • EP ThinkTank