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Updated:Apr 23, 2026
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Decline of overland Silk Road commerce and early modern transitions (15th–18th centuries CE)

Decline of overland Silk Road commerce and early modern transitions (15th–18th centuries CE)

  1. Drought and desertification intensify around Dunhuang

    Labels: Dunhuang Oasis, Desertification

  2. Ottoman capture of Constantinople redirects Eurasian trade

    Labels: Constantinople, Ottoman Empire

  3. Spain and Portugal formalize Atlantic expansion zones

    Labels: Tordesillas Treaty, Spain Portugal

  4. Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea

    Labels: Vasco da, Calicut

  5. Safavid state founded, reshaping Iran’s trade politics

    Labels: Safavid Iran, Ism l

  6. Portuguese pressure grows in the Indian Ocean spice trade

    Labels: Portuguese Navy, Indian Ocean

  7. Ottomans defeat Mamluks and take Egypt and Syria

    Labels: Ottoman Empire, Mamluk Sultanate

  8. Ming government legalizes limited private overseas trade

    Labels: Ming Dynasty, Haicheng County

  9. Dutch East India Company founded as ocean trade powerhouse

    Labels: Dutch East, VOC

  10. Treaty of Karlowitz weakens Ottoman position in Europe

    Labels: Treaty of, Habsburgs

  11. Battle of Plassey accelerates British control of Indian trade

    Labels: Battle of, British East

  12. Overland Silk Road commerce becomes secondary to sea networks

    Labels: Maritime Networks, Silk Road