Cyber warfare and emerging jus ad bellum/jus in bello norms (2007–present)

1. Estonia cyberattacks raise use-of-force questions

   Apr 27, 2007Labels: Estonia, DDoS attacks

   • Estonia Attacks
   • NATO News

2. NATO establishes cyber defence centre in Tallinn

   May 14, 2008Labels: NATO, CCDCOE

   • NATO News
   • CCDCOE

3. Stuxnet shows cyber tools can cause physical damage

   Jun 1, 2010Labels: Stuxnet, industrial control

   • Britannica
   • ISIS Report

4. Tallinn Manual publishes rules for cyber warfare law

   Apr 1, 2013Labels: Tallinn Manual, cyber law

   • Cambridge
   • CCDCOE

5. UN experts affirm international law applies in cyberspace

   Jun 24, 2013Labels: UN GGE, international law

   • CFR
   • Carnegie

6. NATO links cyberattacks to collective defence planning

   Sep 5, 2014Labels: NATO, Wales Summit

   • NATO Text
   • NATO Topic

7. UN GGE agrees voluntary cyber norms for states

   Jul 1, 2015Labels: UN GGE, cyber norms

   • Carnegie
   • ASPI

8. NATO recognizes cyberspace as an operational domain

   Jul 8, 2016Labels: NATO, Warsaw Summit

   • NATO Topic
   • NATO Press

9. WannaCry highlights indiscriminate, cross-border cyber harm

   May 12, 2017Labels: WannaCry, ransomware

   • WannaCry
   • Britannica

10. NotPetya intensifies debate over cyber proportionality

    Jun 27, 2017Labels: NotPetya, malware

    • Ukraine Attacks
    • DOJ

11. Paris Call promotes multi-stakeholder cyber stability principles

    Nov 12, 2018Labels: Paris Call, multi-stakeholder

    • France MFA
    • Paris Forum

12. UN creates inclusive forum for cyber norms (OEWG)

    Dec 5, 2018Labels: UN OEWG, Open-Ended WG

    • UN Docs
    • UN Text

13. ICRC outlines how IHL applies to cyber operations

    Nov 28, 2019Labels: ICRC, IHL guidance

    • ICRC

14. U.S. indicts GRU officers tied to destructive malware campaigns

    Oct 19, 2020Labels: U S, GRU

    • DOJ

15. UN OEWG consensus report endorses shared cyber norms framework

    Mar 1, 2021Labels: UN OEWG, consensus report

    • UNODA
    • CSIS

16. United States and EU join the Paris Call

    Nov 12, 2021Labels: United States, Paris Call

    • Paris Forum
    • Nextgov