Cross‑Border Energy Projects and Trade Issues under NAFTA/USMCA (1994–2020)

1. NAFTA takes effect, creating energy trade rules

   Jan 1, 1994Labels: NAFTA

   • USTR NAFTA

2. First major NAFTA investor case ends with payout

   Oct 26, 2001Labels: Metalclad

   • IATP Metalclad
   • IISD Metalclad

3. North Baja gas pipeline begins U.S.-to-Mexico service

   Jan 1, 2002Labels: North Baja

   • North Baja

4. TransCanada files first Keystone XL permit application

   Sep 1, 2008Labels: TransCanada, Keystone XL

   • Harvard EELP

5. WTO dispute targets Ontario renewable power content rules

   Aug 11, 2011Labels: Ontario FIT

   • WTO DS426

6. Obama administration denies Keystone XL permit (first application)

   Jan 1, 2012Labels: Obama administration, Keystone XL

   • Harvard EELP

7. Mexico enacts constitutional energy reform opening the sector

   Dec 20, 2013Labels: Mexico energy

   • LoC Mexico

8. State Department denies Keystone XL permit (Record of Decision)

   Nov 6, 2015Labels: State Department, Keystone XL

   • Harvard EELP

9. TransCanada signals NAFTA investor claim over Keystone XL

   Jan 6, 2016Labels: TransCanada, NAFTA Chapter

   • TC Energy
   • UNCTAD Case

10. Federal judge blocks Keystone XL construction over review flaws

    Nov 8, 2018Labels: U S, Keystone XL

    • Time Ruling
    • Harvard EELP

11. USMCA is signed, launching the NAFTA replacement path

    Nov 30, 2018Labels: USMCA

    • CRS USMCA
    • Axios Signing

12. USMCA implementing law is signed in the United States

    Jan 29, 2020Labels: USMCA implementing

    • CRS USMCA
    • USTR USMCA

13. USMCA enters into force, replacing NAFTA

    Jul 1, 2020Labels: USMCA

    • USTR EoF
    • CRS Dates