Conversion and Islamization in the Niger Bend: Ghana, Mali, Songhai (9th–16th centuries)

1. Trans-Saharan trade links Sahel to Maghrib

   Jan 1, 800Labels: Trans-Saharan trade, Maghrib, Sahel

   • Britannica
   • Al Bakri

2. Takrur adopts Islamic rule under War Jabi

   Jan 1, 1035Labels: Takrur, War Jabi

   • Takrur

3. Almoravid movement reshapes Saharan politics

   Jan 1, 1056Labels: Almoravids, anh jah

   • Britannica

4. Al-Bakri describes Ghana’s dual-city capital

   Jan 1, 1068Labels: Al-Bakri, Ghana capital

   • Al Bakri
   • Koumbi

5. Debate over an Almoravid “conquest” of Ghana

   Jan 1, 1076Labels: Almoravid conquest, Ghana Empire

   • Cambridge
   • Koumbi

6. Mali rises after Ghana’s decline

   Jan 1, 1240Labels: Mali Empire, Niger Bend

   • WHE
   • Britannica

7. Mansa Musa takes the throne of Mali

   Jan 1, 1307Labels: Mansa Musa, Mali

   • Britannica
   • Met

8. Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage publicizes Mali in the Islamic world

   Jan 1, 1324Labels: Mansa Musa, Hajj

   • Britannica

9. Mosques and learning expand in Timbuktu and Gao

   Jan 1, 1327Labels: Timbuktu, Gao

   • Britannica
   • Met

10. Sonni Ali captures Timbuktu and curbs Tuareg control

    Jan 1, 1468Labels: Sonni Ali, Timbuktu

    • Britannica

11. Askia Muhammad seizes power and promotes Islamic governance

    Apr 12, 1493Labels: Askia Muhammad, Songhai

    • Anfao
    • Askia

12. Askia Muhammad’s hajj strengthens Songhai’s Islamic prestige

    Jan 1, 1496Labels: Askia Muhammad, Hajj

    • Askia

13. Moroccan invasion defeats Songhai at Tondibi

    Mar 13, 1591Labels: Battle of, Morocco

    • Tondibi
    • Invasion

14. Tarikh al-Sudan records a scholarly memory of the Niger Bend

    Jan 1, 1655Labels: Tarikh al-Sudan, al-Sa di

    • Tarikh