Construction and Fortification of Intramuros and Colonial Port Defenses (1571-1898)

1. Spanish found Manila and lay out Intramuros

   Jan 1, 1571Labels: Miguel L, Intramuros

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2. Fort Santiago begins as a riverside defense

   Jan 1, 1571Labels: Fort Santiago, Pasig River

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3. Stone Fort Nuestra Señora de Guía built

   Jan 1, 1586Labels: Fort Nuestra, Antonio Sede

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4. Fort Santiago rebuilt in stone (Guadalupe tuff)

   Jan 1, 1590Labels: Fort Santiago, G mez

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5. Stone walls and fortifications of Intramuros begin

   Jan 1, 1590Labels: Intramuros, City Walls

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6. Baluarte de San Gabriel built on Pasig riverfront

   Jan 1, 1593Labels: Baluarte de, Pasig River

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7. Puerta del Parián built as early city gate

   Jan 1, 1593Labels: Puerta del, Pari n

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8. Baluarte de San Andrés built to guard Puerta Real area

   Jan 1, 1603Labels: Baluarte de, Puerta Real

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9. Fort San Felipe constructed at Cavite Puerto

   Jan 1, 1609Labels: Fort San, Cavite Puerto

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10. Moat dug along Intramuros’ eastern landward side

    Jan 1, 1618Labels: Intramuros Moat, Landward Defenses

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11. Baluarte de San Diego completed in bastioned form

    Jan 1, 1653Labels: Baluarte de, Fort Nuestra

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12. Puerta Real originally built for governor-general

    Jan 1, 1663Labels: Puerta Real, Governor-General

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13. British breach Intramuros at San Diego bastion

    Oct 6, 1762Labels: British occupation, San Diego

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14. Puerta Real rebuilt and relocated in new defense plan

    Jan 1, 1780Labels: Puerta Real, Defense Replan

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15. Puerta de Isabel II built as last Intramuros gate

    Jan 1, 1861Labels: Puerta de, Intramuros Gate

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16. Final recorded Spanish works on Intramuros fortifications

    Jan 1, 1872Labels: Intramuros, 1872 Works

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17. Spanish rule ends; defenses transition after 1898

    Jan 1, 1898Labels: Spanish rule, American takeover

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