Commercialization of High‑Fructose Corn Syrup in the United States (1960-1990)

1. Enzymes open a path beyond traditional corn syrup

   Jan 1, 1964Labels: Corn wet-milling, Enzymes

   • Justia ADM case
   • FDA Q A

2. Industrial enzyme advances improve isomerization

   Jan 1, 1966Labels: Glucose isomerase, Industrial enzymes

   • J STAGE
   • FDA Q A

3. Clinton Corn Processing markets early HFCS

   Jan 1, 1967Labels: Clinton Corn, HFCS early

   • Justia ADM case
   • HFCS overview

4. ADM enters wet milling, expanding HFCS capacity

   Jan 1, 1971Labels: Archer Daniels, Wet milling

   • Justia ADM case

5. Immobilized enzymes enable continuous HFCS production

   Jan 1, 1973Labels: Immobilized enzymes, Continuous production

   • ACS chapter
   • HFCS overview

6. 1974 sugar shock makes HFCS economically attractive

   Jan 1, 1974Labels: 1974 sugar, Commodity prices

   • GAO report
   • MacroTrends

7. Post–Sugar Act quotas shape the sweetener market

   Nov 18, 1974Labels: Sugar Act, Import quotas

   • Presidency
   • USDA ERS

8. ADM begins producing commercial quantities of HFCS

   Jan 1, 1976Labels: ADM HFCS, Commercial quantities

   • Justia ADM case

9. Government assessment frames HFCS as a sugar substitute

   Feb 26, 1979Labels: GAO assessment, Government analysis

   • GAO report

10. FDA affirms HFCS as a GRAS food ingredient

    Jan 1, 1983Labels: FDA GRAS, Regulatory status

    • HFCS overview
    • FDA Q A

11. Pepsi authorizes HFCS use in major products

    Jun 26, 1983Labels: Pepsi, Bottlers

    • UPI 1983

12. Coca-Cola and Pepsi announce 100% HFCS in key U.S. colas

    Nov 6, 1984Labels: Coca-Cola, Pepsi

    • UPI 1984
    • WashPost 1985

13. HFCS becomes normalized as a standard U.S. sweetener

    Jan 1, 1989Labels: Normalization, Processed foods

    • Fortune 1990
    • USDA ERS

14. HFCS industry matures with large plants and concentrated producers

    May 1, 1990Labels: Industry maturation, Large plants

    • Justia ADM case