Coinage, taxation receipts, and monetary policy in the Roman Empire (27 BCE–4th century CE)

1. Augustus standardizes imperial coinage and mint control

   Jan 1, 23 BCELabels: Augustus, Imperial mint

   • Augustus Reform
   • Britannica Augustus

2. Rome’s grain-supply system becomes a monetary pressure point

   Jan 1, 50Labels: Cura annonae, Rome

   • Cura Annonae
   • Britannica Annona

3. Nero reduces gold and silver coin standards

   Jan 1, 64Labels: Nero, Denarius

   • ANS Library
   • Denarius Study

4. Tax payments documented through official receipts on ostraca

   Jan 1, 100Labels: Ostraca, Roman Egypt

   • Berkeley APIS
   • Fitzwilliam

5. Caracalla introduces the antoninianus “double denarius”

   Jan 1, 215Labels: Caracalla, Antoninianus

   • Caracalla
   • ANS Coin

6. Third-century crisis drives widespread debasement and instability

   Jan 1, 235Labels: Third-century Crisis, Debasement

   • JEEH Article
   • Aureus

7. Aurelian reforms coinage and marks new issues

   Jan 1, 274Labels: Aurelian, XXI mark

   • JEEH Article
   • Aurelian Reform

8. Diocletian launches a major coinage reform

   Jan 1, 294Labels: Diocletian, Argenteus

   • JRS Sutherland
   • Argenteus

9. Price ceilings issued in Diocletian’s Edict on Maximum Prices

   Jan 1, 301Labels: Edict on, Diocletian

   • Britannica Edict
   • Edict Article

10. Tax assessment cycles (indiction) shape late Roman fiscal administration

    Jan 1, 312Labels: Indiction, Fiscal administration

    • Indiction
    • Britannica Annona

11. Constantine issues gold solidi as a new standard coin

    Jan 1, 312Labels: Constantine, Solidus

    • ANS Solidus
    • Aureus

12. Late Roman monetary policy shifts toward stable gold and complex small change

    Jan 1, 364Labels: Late Roman, Gold standard

    • Follis
    • Aureus