Coffee Economy and the Rise of the Plantation Elite (1830s–1880s)

1. Coffee spreads through the Paraíba Valley

   Jan 1, 1830Labels: Para ba, Plantation Elite, Coffee Estates

   • Cambridge
   • Britannica

2. Illegal slave trading continues despite 1831 law

   Nov 7, 1831Labels: Brazilian Parliament, Atlantic Slave, Coffee Planters

   • Britannica
   • Cambridge

3. Alves Branco Tariff increases imperial customs revenue

   Aug 12, 1844Labels: Alves Branco, Imperial Customs, Empire of

   • Encyclopedia com
   • Second Reign

4. Aberdeen Act intensifies British anti-slave-trade pressure

   Aug 9, 1845Labels: Aberdeen Act, British Navy, Anti-Slave Pressure

   • Aberdeen Act
   • Britannica

5. Internal slave trade expands after 1850

   Jan 1, 1850Labels: Internal Slave, Coffee Plantations

   • Oxford Academic
   • Britannica

6. Eusébio de Queirós Law ends Atlantic slave trade

   Sep 4, 1850Labels: Eus bio, Imperial Government

   • Britannica
   • Eus bio Law

7. Land Law limits access to public land

   Sep 18, 1850Labels: Land Law, Public Lands, Large Landholders

   • Planalto
   • Senado

8. Paraguayan War reshapes state capacity and politics

   Nov 13, 1864Labels: Paraguayan War, Brazilian Army, Central Government

   • Britannica
   • UoL Press

9. Santos–Jundiaí railway opens key coffee export route

   Feb 16, 1867Labels: Santos Jundia, Port of, S o

   • SPR Company
   • Linha Santos

10. Coffee frontier shifts toward western São Paulo

    Jan 1, 1870Labels: Western S, Coffee Frontier, S o

    • Cambridge PDF
    • Paulista Railway

11. Rio Branco Law begins “free birth” emancipation

    Sep 28, 1871Labels: Rio Branco, Free Birth, Imperial Legislature

    • Britannica
    • Rio Branco

12. Coffee dominates exports as slavery enters crisis

    Jan 1, 1880Labels: Coffee Exports, Plantation Crisis, Abolition Debate

    • Second Reign
    • Princeton

13. Lei Áurea abolishes slavery, transforming plantation labor

    May 13, 1888Labels: Lei urea, Abolition, Plantation Labor

    • Lei urea
    • Britannica