Christianization of the Baltic region and the Northern Crusades (1190–1300)

1. Papal-backed crusade opens the Livonian campaign

   Jul 24, 1198Labels: Papacy, Livonia

   • Britannica
   • Livonian Crusade

2. Albert of Buxhoeveden appointed Bishop of Livonia

   Mar 28, 1199Labels: Albert of, Bishopric of

   • Albert Riga
   • Britannica

3. Riga founded as crusade base and trading port

   Jan 1, 1201Labels: Riga, Hanseatic merchants

   • Albert Riga

4. Sword Brothers formed as permanent crusading order

   Jan 1, 1202Labels: Sword Brothers, Military Order

   • Britannica
   • Sword Brothers

5. Terra Mariana established as a crusader-ruled polity

   Feb 2, 1207Labels: Terra Mariana, Church rule

   • Terra Mariana
   • Livonian Crusade

6. Danish victory at Lyndanisse secures northern Estonia

   Jun 15, 1219Labels: Denmark, Lyndanisse

   • Lyndanisse
   • Britannica

7. Fall of Tartu ends major mainland Estonian resistance

   Aug 15, 1224Labels: Tartu, Bishopric of

   • Tartu 1224

8. Imperial charter supports Teutonic expansion into Prussia

   Mar 1, 1226Labels: Frederick II, Teutonic Order

   • Rimini Bull
   • Britannica

9. Treaty of Kruszwica links Teutonic Order to Prussian war

   Jun 16, 1230Labels: Teutonic Order, Duke Konrad

   • Kruszwica
   • Britannica

10. Battle of Saule destroys Sword Brothers’ independence

    Sep 22, 1236Labels: Battle of, Sword Brothers

    • Saule
    • Britannica

11. Battle on the Ice halts crusader advance toward Novgorod

    Apr 5, 1242Labels: Battle on, Alexander Nevsky

    • Lake Peipus
    • Britannica

12. Treaty of Christburg attempts to secure Prussian conversions

    Feb 2, 1249Labels: Treaty of, Teutonic Order

    • Christburg

13. Mindaugas baptized, creating a temporary Lithuanian Christian kingdom

    Jul 17, 1251Labels: Mindaugas, Kingdom of

    • Britannica
    • Lithuania Christ

14. Battle of Durbe triggers region-wide anti-crusader rebellions

    Jul 13, 1260Labels: Battle of, Samogitia

    • Durbe
    • Prussian Upris

15. Great Prussian Uprising begins against Teutonic rule

    Sep 20, 1260Labels: Great Prussian, Prussian clans

    • Prussian Upris
    • Britannica

16. Great Prussian Uprising ends with Teutonic consolidation

    Jan 1, 1274Labels: Teutonic Order, Prussia

    • Prussian Upris
    • Britannica

17. Lithuanian victory at Aizkraukle sparks renewed frontier conflict

    Mar 5, 1279Labels: Aizkraukle, Lithuania

    • Aizkraukle
    • Britannica

18. Livonian Crusade nears completion as major pagan polities fall

    Jan 1, 1290Labels: Livonian Crusade, Baltic polities

    • Britannica
    • Livonian Crusade