China's Great Firewall: Regulatory Campaigns and Technical Expansion (1997–2015)

1. Internet security regulations set early legal basis

   Dec 30, 1997Labels: Ministry of, Computer Network

   • LehmanLaw

2. Golden Shield project begins under public security

   Jan 1, 1998Labels: Golden Shield, Ministry of

   • Britannica
   • GoldenShield

3. State Council issues internet information services measures

   Sep 25, 2000Labels: State Council, Internet Information

   • CECC
   • DigiChina

4. Internet cafes brought under State Council regulation

   Sep 29, 2002Labels: State Council, Internet Cafes

   • LehmanLaw

5. Internet news rules tighten authorization requirements

   Sep 25, 2005Labels: State Council, Internet News

   • CECC
   • CPJ

6. Wikipedia blocked, then partially unblocked

   Oct 19, 2005Labels: Wikipedia, access blocking

   • AlJazeera
   • RSF

7. Online video licensing expands state control

   Dec 20, 2007Labels: Circular 56, online video

   • Reportify

8. Mandatory PC filtering plan sparks backlash

   Jun 30, 2009Labels: Green Dam, MIIT

   • BBC
   • GreenDam

9. Google redirects search to Hong Kong

   Mar 22, 2010Labels: Google, cross-border access

   • TechCrunch
   • Guardian

10. NPC decision formalizes real-name identity requirements

    Dec 28, 2012Labels: NPC Standing, real-name policy

    • ChinaDaily
    • WILMAP

11. Top courts set thresholds for online defamation cases

    Sep 9, 2013Labels: Supreme People, online defamation

    • ChinaDaily
    • ChinaOrg

12. VPN services targeted after reported firewall “upgrade”

    Jan 23, 2015Labels: VPN services, firewall upgrade

    • TechCrunch
    • CNBC