Capture of Rome and the End of Papal Temporal Power (1867–1870)

1. Italy and France sign the September Convention

   Sep 15, 1864Labels: September Convention, France, Kingdom of

   • September Convention
   • Britannica Rome

2. Italian capital shifts from Turin to Florence

   Jan 1, 1865Labels: Florence, Turin, Kingdom of

   • September Convention
   • Turin Massacre

3. French troops leave Rome under the Convention

   Dec 1, 1866Labels: French garrison, Pope Pius, Rome

   • September Convention
   • Britannica Rome

4. Garibaldi launches a new campaign toward Rome

   Oct 1, 1867Labels: Giuseppe Garibaldi, Volunteer Corps, Rome campaign

   • Britannica Rome
   • Mentana

5. Franco-Papal victory at the Battle of Mentana

   Nov 3, 1867Labels: Battle of, French troops, Papal forces

   • Mentana
   • September Convention

6. Franco-Prussian War forces French attention away from Rome

   Jul 19, 1870Labels: Franco-Prussian War, France, Prussia

   • September Convention
   • Britannica Rome

7. French garrison withdrawn from Rome during the war

   Aug 1, 1870Labels: French garrison, Rome, Pope Pius

   • September Convention
   • Britannica Rome

8. Victor Emmanuel II proposes a protected entry into Rome

   Sep 8, 1870Labels: Victor Emmanuel, Pope Pius, Protected entry

   • Vatican Savoyard
   • Britannica Rome

9. Italy declares war and marches into papal territory

   Sep 10, 1870Labels: Kingdom of, Papal States, Italian Army

   • Vatican Savoyard
   • Capture of Rome

10. Breach of Porta Pia and capture of Rome

    Sep 20, 1870Labels: Porta Pia, Aurelian Walls, Capture of

    • Britannica Rome
    • Capture of Rome

11. Plebiscite votes to annex Rome and Lazio to Italy

    Oct 2, 1870Labels: Plebiscite, Lazio, Kingdom of

    • Capture of Rome
    • Reference org

12. Rome formally becomes Italy’s capital

    Feb 3, 1871Labels: Rome, Capital of, Pope Pius

    • Britannica Rome
    • Capture of Rome

13. Italy passes the Law of Guarantees

    May 13, 1871Labels: Law of, Kingdom of, Pope Pius

    • Britannica Guarantees
    • Law of Guarantees