Byzantine Diplomacy with the Islamic Caliphates (7th–11th centuries)

1. Thirty-year peace and tribute after 674–678 war

   Jan 1, 678Labels: Mu awiya, Constantine IV, Umayyad Byzantine

   • Mu awiya I
   • Siege 674 678

2. Justinian II–ʿAbd al-Malik treaty renewals

   Jan 1, 688Labels: Justinian II, Abd al-Malik, Cyprus agreement

   • Cyprus history
   • Sebastopolis

3. Battle of Sebastopolis ends Justinian II peace

   Jan 1, 692Labels: Battle of, Justinian II

   • Sebastopolis
   • Cyprus history

4. Second Arab siege failure stabilizes frontier diplomacy

   Aug 15, 718Labels: Second Arab, Constantinople

   • Siege 717 718

5. Three-year truce after Abbasid campaign of 782

   Jan 1, 782Labels: Harun al-Rashid, Empress Irene

   • Invasion 782

6. Irene renews tribute-based truce with Harun

   Jan 1, 798Labels: Empress Irene, Harun al-Rashid

   • Invasion 806
   • Invasion 782

7. Truce and exchange after Amorium-era fighting

   Jan 1, 841Labels: Sack of, prisoner exchange

   • Amorium
   • Prisoner exchanges

8. Major Abbasid–Byzantine prisoner exchange of 845

   Sep 1, 845Labels: Prisoner Exchange, Abbasid Byzantine

   • Prisoner exchanges
   • Al Wathiq

9. Embassy to Baghdad secures truce and exchange (917)

   Jul 17, 917Labels: John Rhadenos, Embassy to

   • Toxaras
   • Prisoner exchanges

10. Treaty of Safar makes Aleppo a Byzantine tributary

    Dec 14, 969Labels: Treaty of, Aleppo

    • Safar treaty

11. Basil II’s Levant intervention pressures Fatimid talks

    Apr 1, 995Labels: Basil II, Siege of

    • Aleppo siege

12. Ten-year Byzantine–Fatimid truce concluded

    Jan 1, 1000Labels: Byzantine Fatimid, al- kim

    • Basil II
    • Al Aziz

13. Destruction of Holy Sepulchre strains relations

    Jan 1, 1009Labels: Destruction of, al- kim

    • Basil II
    • Arab wars

14. Battle of Azaz followed by suzerainty settlement

    Aug 10, 1030Labels: Battle of, Mirdasid emir

    • Azaz battle
    • Nasr

15. Byzantine–Fatimid negotiations end in ten-year truce

    Jan 1, 1036Labels: Byzantine Fatimid, Aleppo dispute

    • Nasr