Banco de San Carlos and early Spanish central banking (1782–1829)

1. Vales reales introduced to finance wartime deficits

   Jan 1, 1780Labels: Vales reales, Spanish Treasury

   • Vale real
   • BDE History

2. First shareholder meeting appoints Cabarrús director

   Jan 1, 1782Labels: Francisco Cabarr, Shareholders' meeting

   • BDE Cabarr s
   • San Carlos ES

3. Royal Warrant creates Banco Nacional de San Carlos

   Jun 2, 1782Labels: Charles III, Banco Nacional

   • BDE History
   • Mineco Facsimile
   • Carlos III BDE

4. Banco de San Carlos issues early Spanish banknotes

   Mar 1, 1783Labels: C dulas, Banco de

   • BDE Exhibition
   • San Carlos ES
   • BDE History

5. Bank’s state-financing role deepens amid wars

   Jan 1, 1789Labels: Banco de, Spanish wars

   • BDE History
   • Cambridge RHE

6. Peninsular War begins, intensifying fiscal strain

   May 2, 1808Labels: Peninsular War, Napoleon

   • Britannica
   • BDE History

7. State arrears to the bank exceed 300 million reales

   Jan 1, 1813Labels: State arrears, Banco de

   • Bank of Spain
   • BDE History

8. Reform plans emerge to replace failing San Carlos

   Jan 1, 1828Labels: Bank reform, Spanish policymakers

   • BDE History
   • San Fernando ES

9. Royal Warrant creates Banco Español de San Fernando

   Jul 9, 1829Labels: Ferdinand VII, Banco Espa

   • BDE History
   • Europeana Record
   • San Fernando Wiki

10. Debt settlement swaps old claims into new shares

    Jul 9, 1829Labels: Debt settlement, Share swap

    • BDE History
    • San Fernando ES

11. San Fernando gains exclusive note-issue privilege in Madrid

    Jul 9, 1829Labels: Note-issue privilege, Banco de

    • BDE History
    • San Fernando Wiki

12. Banco de San Carlos legacy becomes Spain’s central-bank foundation

    Dec 31, 1829Labels: Banco de

    • BDE History
    • San Fernando ES