Axumite Empire maritime trade across the Red Sea and Indian Ocean (c. 1st–7th centuries CE)

1. Periplus records Adulis and early Axum trade

   Jan 1, 50Labels: Periplus of, Adulis, Aksum

   • WHE Periplus
   • Wikipedia Periplus

2. Axum emerges as a Red Sea trading state

   Jan 1, 90Labels: Aksum, Red Sea, Northern Ethiopia

   • Britannica Horn
   • Britannica Aksum

3. Adulis grows into a major maritime gateway

   Jan 1, 100Labels: Adulis, Maritime gateway, Caravan trade

   • Britannica Horn
   • Britannica Aksum

4. Greek inscriptions reflect wide commercial connections

   Jan 1, 200Labels: Greek inscriptions, Aksum, Coin legends

   • Britannica Aksum
   • Monumentum

5. Adulis throne inscription documents Red Sea campaigns

   Jan 1, 240Labels: Adulis inscription, Aksum military, Red Sea

   • Monumentum
   • Sewasew Adulis

6. Endybis begins Aksumite coinage for trade

   Jan 1, 295Labels: Endybis, Aksumite coinage, Gold coins

   • Met Museum
   • Wikipedia Endybis

7. Aksum reaches peak as regional trade empire

   Jan 1, 300Labels: Aksum, Red Sea, Gulf of

   • Britannica Aksum
   • Britannica Horn

8. King Ezana adopts Christianity; coin symbols change

   Jan 1, 350Labels: King Ezana, Christianity, Aksumite coins

   • EBSCO Ezana
   • EBSCO Ezana

9. Kaleb projects Aksumite power into South Arabia

   Jan 1, 525Labels: King Kaleb, Himyar, South Arabia

   • DACB Kaleb
   • Wikipedia Himyar

10. Cosmas copies Adulis inscriptions and describes trade

    Jan 1, 547Labels: Cosmas Indicopleustes, Adulis inscriptions, Christian Topography

    • Britannica Cosmas
    • Sewasew Cosmas

11. Late Aksumite coinage continues into 600s

    Jan 1, 600Labels: Late coinage, Armah, Aksum

    • BM Collection
    • Coinweek Aksum

12. Aksumite maritime dominance fades by early medieval era

    Jan 1, 630Labels: Aksum decline, Maritime fade, Early medieval

    • BM Collection
    • Britannica Aksum

13. Islamic conquest of Egypt reshapes Red Sea trade

    Jan 1, 642Labels: Islamic conquest, Egypt, Alexandria

    • Britannica Egypt
    • Britannica Egypt