Ancient DNA evidence for South Asian population formation (Upper Paleolithic–Iron Age)

1. Modern humans establish deep South Asian roots

   Jan 1, 50000 BCELabels: Modern humans, South Asia

   • NatGen Andaman
   • Reich 2009

2. Rainforest occupations documented at Fa-Hien Lena

   Jan 1, 48000 BCELabels: Fa-Hien Lena, Sri Lanka

   • NatComms Fa Hien
   • Fa Hien Cave

3. Steppe-related ancestry appears in later Swat Valley individuals

   Jan 1, 1200 BCELabels: Swat Valley, Steppe ancestry

   • Science PMC 2019
   • PubMed 2019

4. Iron Age cultural horizon frames later population structure changes

   Jan 1, 1200 BCELabels: Iron Age, Painted Grey

   • PGW culture

5. Two-way model (ANI–ASI) reframes Indian population history

   Sep 24, 2009Labels: ANI, ASI

   • Reich 2009

6. Admixture dating shows major mixing within last ~4,200 years

   Sep 5, 2013Labels: Admixture dating, Endogamy

   • Moorjani 2013
   • Moorjani PMC

7. Harappan genome from Rakhigarhi is published

   Sep 5, 2019Labels: Rakhigarhi, Indus Valley

   • Cell PMC 2019

8. Large ancient-DNA dataset formalizes “Indus Periphery” models

   Sep 6, 2019Labels: Indus Periphery, Ancient DNA

   • Science PMC 2019
   • PubMed 2019

9. Ancient Ancestral South Indian (AASI) concept gains wider use

   Sep 6, 2019Labels: AASI, Deep South

   • Science PMC 2019
   • Peopling India

10. BMAC is tested and rejected as a major direct source for South Asians

    Sep 6, 2019Labels: BMAC, Turan

    • Science PMC 2019
    • BMAC genetics

11. Ancient DNA supports a “two-way mixture after the Indus decline” narrative

    Sep 6, 2019Labels: Two-way mixture, Post-Indus

    • PubMed 2019
    • Science PMC 2019

12. Re-dating Mehrgarh revises earliest farming timeline

    Apr 15, 2025Labels: Mehrgarh, Radiocarbon

    • SciRep 2025
    • Nature News 2025