Ambrosian Republic and the Sforza Restoration (1447–1450)

1. Filippo Maria Visconti dies, succession crisis begins

   Aug 13, 1447Labels: Filippo Maria, Duchy of

   • Britannica
   • Britannica

2. Ambrosian Republic proclaimed in Milan

   Aug 14, 1447Labels: Ambrosian Republic, Milan

   • Britannica
   • Italian Wiki

3. Milan calls citizens to arms; Sforza hired

   Sep 3, 1447Labels: Francesco Sforza, Milano militia

   • Italian Wiki
   • NGA Glossary

4. Sforza takes Pavia, expanding his leverage

   Sep 17, 1447Labels: Pavia, Francesco Sforza

   • Italian Wiki

5. Piacenza falls; distrust of Sforza grows

   Nov 16, 1447Labels: Piacenza, Sforza campaign

   • Italian Wiki

6. Republic’s leadership shifts amid war and negotiations

   Mar 1, 1448Labels: Milanese councils, Venice

   • Italian Wiki

7. Battle of Caravaggio: Sforza defeats Venice

   Sep 15, 1448Labels: Battle of, Francesco Sforza

   • Battle Wiki
   • De Re Militari

8. Secret Accords of Rivoltella align Sforza with Venice

   Oct 18, 1448Labels: Secret Accords, Venice

   • Italian Wiki
   • Britannica

9. French troops arrive to bolster the republic

   Mar 1, 1449Labels: French troops, Charles VII

   • Italian Wiki

10. Venice abandons Sforza; siege pressures Milan

    Sep 1, 1449Labels: Venice, Siege of

    • Italian Wiki
    • Italian Wiki

11. Famine and revolt open Milan to Sforza

    Feb 25, 1450Labels: Milan populace, Famine

    • Italian Wiki
    • Italian Wiki

12. Francesco Sforza confirmed as Duke of Milan

    Mar 25, 1450Labels: Francesco Sforza, Duke of

    • NGA Glossary
    • Dukes Wiki

13. Peace of Lodi recognizes Sforza and ends the war

    Apr 9, 1454Labels: Peace of, Sforza

    • Britannica
    • War Wiki