Agricultural Market Access and Dairy Disputes under NAFTA/USMCA (1993–2020)

1. NAFTA signed, leaving Canada’s dairy protections intact

   Dec 17, 1992Labels: NAFTA, Canada dairy, Supply management

   • Britannica
   • CRS NAFTA
   • CRS Dairy

2. NAFTA enters into force, shaping farm trade rules

   Jan 1, 1994Labels: NAFTA, Dairy trade, Canada

   • CRS NAFTA
   • USTR NAFTA
   • SICE NAFTA

3. WTO Agreement on Agriculture converts quotas to TRQs

   Jan 1, 1995Labels: WTO Agreement, TRQ, Canada dairy

   • WTO DS113
   • UW Dairy

4. WTO dairy export-subsidy dispute filed against Canada

   Dec 29, 1997Labels: WTO dispute, New Zealand, Canada dairy

   • WTO DS113

5. WTO Appellate Body upholds findings on Canada dairy subsidies

   Oct 27, 1999Labels: WTO Appellate, Canada dairy, Export subsidies

   • WTO DS113
   • USTR 2001

6. Canada introduces Class 7 milk pricing, raising U.S. concerns

   Jan 1, 2017Labels: Class 7, Canada dairy, Dairy ingredients

   • CRS Class 7
   • UW Dairy

7. USTR formally notifies Congress of NAFTA renegotiation

   May 18, 2017Labels: USTR, NAFTA renegotiation, U S

   • USTR NAFTA

8. CRS highlights NAFTA dairy exclusions and TRQ-based limits

   May 24, 2017Labels: CRS, Canada dairy, TRQ limits

   • CRS NAFTA
   • CRS Dairy

9. USMCA signed, including new Canada dairy access commitments

   Nov 30, 2018Labels: USMCA, Canada dairy, Duty-free TRQ

   • CRS USMCA
   • Canada Protocol

10. USMCA provisions target Class 7 elimination and export disciplines

    Jan 1, 2020Labels: USMCA provisions, Class 7, Export disciplines

    • CRS Class 7
    • Canada Impact

11. USMCA enters into force and NAFTA ends

    Jul 1, 2020Labels: USMCA entry, Canada dairy, TRQ phase-in

    • CBP USMCA
    • USDA FAS
    • CRS Class 7

12. USMCA’s 2020 dairy launch leaves ongoing enforcement disputes

    Dec 31, 2020Labels: USMCA implementation, Dairy TRQs, Enforcement disputes

    • CBP NAFTA
    • USDA FAS

13. USMCA dispute launched over Canada’s dairy TRQ allocations

    May 25, 2021Labels: USMCA dispute, Canada TRQs, U S

    • NMPF 2021
    • IELP Panel

14. First USMCA panel finds Canada’s TRQ allocation inconsistent

    Dec 1, 2021Labels: USMCA panel, Canada TRQ, Dispute ruling

    • USTR 2023
    • USTR 2023 Nov