Acehnese and Malay conversion movements in Sumatra and the Malacca Sultanate (13th–17th centuries)

1. Muslim trading networks deepen in northern Sumatra

   Jan 1, 1292Labels: Indian Ocean, Northern Sumatra

   • Britannica Malacca
   • Samudera Pasai

2. Malik al-Salih’s tombstone marks Pasai Islam

   Jan 1, 1297Labels: Malik al-Salih, Samudera Pasai

   • Samudera Pasai
   • Malikussaleh

3. Pasai chronicle tradition takes shape

   Jan 1, 1400Labels: Hikayat Raja-raja, Pasai chronicle

   • Hikayat Pasai
   • Britannica Sejarah

4. Malacca founded as a strategic port

   Jan 1, 1400Labels: Malacca port, Strait of

   • Britannica Malacca
   • Malacca Sultanate

5. Malaccan court begins adopting Islam

   Jan 1, 1414Labels: Malaccan court, Malacca rulers

   • Britannica Malacca
   • Malacca Sultanate

6. Malacca becomes a regional center for Islam

   Jan 1, 1445Labels: Malacca sultanate, Malay-Islamic culture

   • Britannica Malacca
   • Malacca Sultanate

7. Portuguese capture Malacca, shifting Islamic politics

   Aug 15, 1511Labels: Portuguese Malacca, Portuguese conquest

   • Capture Malacca
   • Britannica Malacca

8. Aceh rises under Ali Mughayat Syah

   Jan 1, 1514Labels: Ali Mughayat, Aceh sultanate

   • Ali Mughayat
   • Aceh Sultanate

9. Aceh defeats Portuguese expedition near its capital

   Jun 1, 1521Labels: Aceh military, Portuguese expedition

   • Battle Aceh 1521
   • Ali Mughayat

10. Aceh conquers Pasai and reshapes northern Sumatra

    Jan 1, 1524Labels: Aceh conquest, Pasai port

    • Ali Mughayat
    • Samudera Pasai

11. Iskandar Muda expands Aceh’s Islamic empire

    Apr 4, 1607Labels: Iskandar Muda, Aceh expansion

    • Britannica Iskandar
    • Iskandar Muda

12. Sejarah Melayu revision preserves Malacca’s Islamic memory

    Jan 1, 1612Labels: Sejarah Melayu, Malacca annals

    • Britannica Sejarah
    • UNESCO MoW

13. Aceh’s failed 1629 Malacca campaign limits expansion

    Jan 1, 1629Labels: Aceh navy, Malacca campaign

    • Britannica Iskandar
    • Iskandar Muda

14. Aceh turns toward court-centered religious scholarship

    Jan 1, 1637Labels: Aceh scholarship, al-Raniri

    • Studia Islamika
    • Britannica Iskandar

15. Dutch–Johor take Malacca, ending Portuguese rule

    Jan 14, 1641Labels: Dutch Johor, VOC

    • Siege Malacca
    • Britannica Iskandar

16. Sultana Taj ul-Alam begins long Aceh reign

    Feb 18, 1641Labels: Taj ul-Alam, Aceh sultana

    • Taj ul Alam
    • Britannica Iskandar